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Protein N -Glycosylation in Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Risk Factors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewProtein glycosylation has been observed to associate with different diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Most of these observations are related toO-glycosylation, yetN-glycosylation changes have recently gained more attention.Recent FindingsN-Glycosylation alterations are associated with CVDs and play an important role in disease development: directly and indirectly through risk factors associated with the disease.SummaryThe changes ofN-glycosylation are a new risk factor for CVDs and have significant biomarker potential for disease development, progression, and therapy monitoring. (...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - April 23, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Pediatric Hypertension: Impact on the Heart, Brain, Kidney, and Retina
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPediatric hypertension is increasing in incidence with concomitant increases in childhood obesity. Target organ damage from primary or secondary pediatric hypertension is a growing concern, as the pathogenesis of vascular disease, typically observed later in life, may begin at a young age. While hypertensive complications are described extensively in adults, much less is known about end organ damage from elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents.Recent FindingsThis review highlights the recent advances describing the target organ damage in the macro- and microvasculature resulting from hy...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - April 17, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Overview of Electrophysiological and Echocardiographic Findings and Outcomes with His Bundle Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHis bundle pacing (HBP) is gaining popularity as a therapy for cardiac conduction disease. Utilization of the conduction system with HBP avoids the adverse effects of right ventricular pacing (RVP). Improvements in left ventricular (LV) function, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and quality of life (QOL) accompanying physiological activation induced by HBP attract attention. This is particularly important given the 30% non-responder rate from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) studies; large number of patients with or at risk for pacing-induced cardiomyopathy and patients wi...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - April 17, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Role of the Left Atrial Appendage in Stroke and Arrhythmia Provocation
AbstractPurpose of the reviewThe review will provide an overview of the potential use of left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), highlighting the benefits and risks involved with LAA exclusion.Recent findingsLAA ligation leads to electrical isolation of the LAA and a decrease in LA mass which is associated with a decrease in AF burden and occasional termination of AF in patients with persistent AF. This potential new indication will further expand the use of LAA exclusion and necessitate planning of combining LAA exclusion with catheter ablation for both stroke prevention and antiar...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - March 19, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Targeting Other Modifiable Risk Factors for the Prevention of Heart Failure: Diabetes, Smoking, Obesity, and Inactivity
In this report, we update prior reviews with a focus on the modifiable risk factors of diabetes, smoking, obesity, and inactivity with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and therapeutic options.Recent FindingsWhile the incidence of diabetes is rising, recent trials suggest options for diabetic patients to prevent cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and heart failure, with several more trials underway. We highlight several novel agents including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonists. Tobacco smoking significantly increases the risk for ...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - March 10, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Leadless Pacemaker Technologies: Patient Selection, Approach, and Outcomes
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLeadless cardiac pacemakers have recently entered clinical use for patients requiring single ventricular chamber pacing only. Two leadless systems have been utilized, the Nanostim leadless cardiac pacemaker and the Micra transcatheter pacing system. While currently limited to only a minority of pacemaker eligible patients, technical hurdles are expected to be overcome which will allow this technology to reach a much broader population. This review discusses the patient population for which these devices are indicated, the approach to device implantation and retrieval, and ongoing data on their long...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - March 8, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Hypertension Management for the Prevention of Heart Failure: Best Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic that can be prevented. Since hypertension is one of the most prevalent medical conditions and leading causes of morbidity and mortality, aggressive treatment is essential, especially for those at risk for HF.Recent FindingsThere has been significant evidence developed over the past decade highlighting the necessity for rigid blood pressure management; with more recent guidelines addressing the importance of preventing hypertension from progressing to HF.SummaryIn this review, we discuss hypertension management strategies as a preventative tool for HF develop...
Source: Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports - March 8, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research