Gene Rearrangement Detection in Pediatric Leukemia
The detection of gene rearrangements in pediatric leukemia is an essential component of the work-up, with implications for accurate diagnosis, proper risk stratification, and therapeutic decisions, including the use of targeted therapies. The traditional methods of karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization are still valuable, but many new assays are also available, with different strengths and weaknesses. These assays include next-generation sequencing–based assays that have the potential for highly multiplexed and/or unbiased detection of rearrangements. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Marian H. Harris Source Type: research
Hematopathology Gets Younger
I am honored and delighted to present the first ever series focused on “Hematopathology of the young.” I chose this title instead of “pediatric hematopathology” since many of the disorders discussed in this issue straddle the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult age groups. The workup of hematologic disorders in this age group may differ from the ones in adul ts due to differences in presentation and differential diagnosis. Hematologic neoplasms in the young tend to have a shorter latent period, show more genetic translocations, and respond to therapy better than in adults. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Vinodh Pillai Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Hematopathology of the Young
CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Vinodh Pillai Source Type: research
Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Contributors
MILENKO JOVAN TANASIJEVIC, MD, MBA (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Vinodh Pillai (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
Updates in Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
The Hematological Differential Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses
This article aids the pathologist by reviewing the hematologic differential diagnosis of a pediatric mediastinal mass, along with ancillary testing useful for rendering the correct diagnosis. A review of the more common lymphomas is presented, including classic Hodgkin lymphoma, T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma, along with brief mentions of less common entities such as gray zone lymphoma and thymoma as well as non-neoplastic conditions such as benign cysts and infections. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 2, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Ahmed Aljudi, Elizabeth Weinzierl, Mohamed Elkhalifa, Sunita Park Source Type: research
Update on Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage
This article addresses diagnosis of MPALs with examples of the most common pitfalls, recent comprehensive molecular studies, and advancement in treatment and follow-up modalities. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 2, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Nidhi Aggarwal, Olga K. Weinberg Source Type: research
Role of Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Minimal or measurable residual disease (MRD) after therapy is the most important independent prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. MRD measured by multiparametric flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction has been integrated into risk stratification and used to guide future treatment strategies. Recent technological advances have allowed the application of the novel molecular method, high-throughput sequencing, in MRD detection in clinical practice to improve sensitivity and specificity. Randomized studies are needed to address outstanding issues, including the optimal methods and timing of...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 2, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Xueyan Chen, Sindhu Cherian Source Type: research
Reactive Lymphadenopathies
Lymphadenitis in the pediatric population frequently is benign and self-limited, often caused by infections. In children with refractory symptoms, lymph node biopsy may be indicated to rule out malignancy or obtain material for culture. Acute bacterial infections typically show a suppurative pattern of necrosis with abscess formation. Viral infections are associated with nonspecific follicular and/or paracortical hyperplasia. Granulomatous inflammation is associated with bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis displays follicular hyperplasia, monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia, and clusters of ...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 2, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Maria Faraz, Flavia G.N. Rosado Source Type: research
Antigen Loss after Targeted Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies
Immunotherapy marked a milestone in cancer treatment and has shown unprecedented efficacy in a variety of hematological malignancies. Downregulation or loss of target antigens is commonly seen after immunotherapy, which often causes diagnostic dilemma and represents a key mechanism that tumor escapes from immunotherapy. The awareness of phenotypic changes after targeted immunotherapy is important to avoid misdiagnosis. Further understanding of the mechanisms of antigen loss is paramount for the development of therapeutic approaches that can prevent or overcome antigen escape in future immunotherapy. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 2, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Ting Zhou, Hao-Wei Wang Source Type: research
Hematopathologic Correlates of CAR T-Cell Therapy
CD19-targeting chimeric antigen rector (CAR) T-cell products are used for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. The success of CD19-CAR-T cells has led to the investigation of CAR T-cell products targeting different antigens in other hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Clinical laboratories play an important role in the manufacture, distribution, and monitoring of CAR T-cell therapy. Hence, it is important for laboratory professionals to be cognizant of clinicopathologic aspects of CAR T-cell therapy. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 1, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: J. Gregory Dolan, Michele E. Paessler, Susan R. Rheingold, Vinodh Pillai Source Type: research
Laboratory Aspects of Minimal / Measurable Residual Disease Testing in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia
This article details the leukemia associated immunophenotype analysis approach for flow cytometry–based minimal residual disease detection used at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and importance of using guide gates and back-gating. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 1, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: John Kim Choi, Paul E. Mead Source Type: research
Molecular Genetics of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The genetic basis for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly heterogeneous, often involving the cooperative action of characteristic chromosomal rearrangements and somatic mutations in progrowth and antidifferentiation pathways that drive oncogenesis. Although some driver mutations are shared with adult AML, many genetic lesions are unique to pediatric patients, and their appropriate identification is essential for patient care. The increased understanding of these malignancies through broad genomic studies has begun to risk-stratify patients based on their combinations of genomic alterations, a trend that will e...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 1, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Bryan Krock, Matthew J. Oberley Source Type: research
