Contributors
MILENKO JOVAN TANASIJEVIC, MD, MBA (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - October 22, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Suzanne R. Thibodeaux (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - October 22, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - October 22, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Transfusion Blood Bank (Recipient) Testing
This article presents a review of request and sample requirements, routine and extended typing and antibody evaluation, and post-transfusion circumstances requiring additional work-up. Although the regimented approach of blood banking fundamentals may be viewed as tedious, these steps are defined and designed to prevent potentially fatal ABO-incompatible transfusions and improve the overall safety of transfusion medicine patients. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Caroline R. Alquist, Louise Helander Source Type: research
Red Blood Cell Transfusion
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are necessary to increase a patient ’s oxygen carrying capacity. The optimal transfusion trigger remains elusive, but a restrictive transfusion trigger of 7 g/dL has been shown in studies to reduce RBC transfusions without adversely affecting patient outcomes. Patient blood management programs have been shown effective at reducing RBC transfusions. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and induced pluripotent stem cell derived RBCs are being developed to help mitigate RBC shortages and RBC transfusion limitations. Numerous challenges still exist that need to be overcome before they can have ...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Yvette C. Tanhehco Source Type: research
Platelet Transfusion
This article reviews platelet transfusions focusing on transfusion guidelines and platelet thresholds in different clinical settings. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Shan Yuan, Zaher K. Otrock Source Type: research
A Concise Synopsis of Current Literature and Guidelines on the Practice of Plasma Transfusion
This article highlights key studies, meta-analyses, and guidelines for plasma transfusion in adults. The goal is to limit non-evidence-based plasma transfusion that is outside of clinical guideline, because as with all transfusions, the administration of plasma is not without risk. Any intended potential benefit must be appraised against the real risks associated with transfusion. Moving forward, the practice of plasma transfusion would benefit greatly from randomized controlled trials to update and expand the existing guidelines. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Wen Lu Source Type: research
Transfusion Medicine Informatics
Clinical informatics has been described as the “relentless pursuit of assisting people” by using data and information technology to improve health care. A core principle is that a person supported by information technology is superior to either a person or machine alone. Striving toward this harmonization, the transfusion medicine field has had a significant number of accomplishments. Clinical informatics interventions have helped achieve better quality, efficiency, and safety in nearly all aspects of transfusion medicine. This review summarizes these accomplishments and provides a preview of novel ideas that could tra...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 30, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Thomas Schneider, Ronald Jackups Jr Source Type: research
Granulocyte Transfusion
Neutrophils are an integral component of the innate immune system and key regulators of cell-mediated defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The potential of granulocyte transfusions has been investigated to temporarily replenish innate immune function to prevent and/or treat infections in patients with severe neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction. However, evidence has been largely theoretical, experimental, and/or inconclusive. Clinical efficacy has yet to be confirmed by large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials. Performing such trials has been hampered by low granulocyte collection yield and poor patie...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 28, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Tobias Cohen, Sierra C. Simmons, Huy P. Pham, Elizabeth M. Staley Source Type: research
Whole Blood Transfusion
Transfusion of whole blood largely was replaced by component therapy in the 1970s and 1980s. The recent military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan returned whole blood to military trauma care. Eventually, whole blood use was incorporated into some civilian trauma care. It has been utilized in several other civilian populations as well. Trials to compare whole blood to component therapy are ongoing. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 28, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Elizabeth A. Godbey Source Type: research
Transfusion Reactions and Adverse Events
Blood transfusions are generally safe but can carry considerable risks. This review summarizes the different types of transfusion reactions and ways to diagnose and manage them. Symptoms are often overlapping and nonspecific. When a reaction is suspected, it is critical to stop the transfusion immediately and report the reaction to the blood bank, as this can affect the patient ’s outcome. New evidence-based algorithms of transfusion, newer blood screening methods and donor policies and deferrals, new laboratory testing, electronic verification systems, and improved hemovigilance lead to the avoidance of unnecessary tran...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 28, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Rim Abdallah, Herleen Rai, Sandhya R. Panch Source Type: research
Update in Transfusion Medicine Education
Despite the high frequency with which blood transfusions are performed, transfusion medicine education remains variable in the United States and around the world. Educating medical students and nonpathology physicians is critical for safe and evidence-based transfusion. Many innovative curricula have been published to meet the needs of physicians training in a variety of specialties. Learners ’ knowledge can be assessed using validated knowledge assessment tools and objective structured clinical examinations. In this review, transfusion medicine curricula and assessment tools are reviewed. Strategies for virtual teaching...
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - September 28, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Alexis R. Peedin Source Type: research
Infant Acute Leukemia
Infant acute leukemia is a rare but aggressive disease. Although infant acute leukemia is cytologically and histologically similar to acute leukemia seen in older children and adults, it displays unique and characteristic clinical and genetic characteristics. The features, as well as the extremely young age of the patients, present multiple challenges for treatment. This review focuses on the unique pathology of acute leukemia of infancy, including the genetic characteristics that are specific for these diseases. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Gerald Wertheim Source Type: research
Update on Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are predominantly diseases of childhood, where they represent almost all acute leukemias; however, they are also encountered with significant frequency in the adult population. These neoplastic processes can be of B-cell or T-cell derivation and are composed of immature precursors of either lineage. The classification of B-lymphoblastic neoplasms relies predominantly on genetic and molecular findings, whereas the same is not true for those of T-lymphoid origin. Many of these recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Drago ș C. Luca Source Type: research
Pediatric Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
This article focuses on chronic myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis in children. (Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine - July 23, 2021 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Farah El-Sharkawy, Elizabeth Margolskee Source Type: research
