Sleep Deficiency
Adequate sleep is an important pillar of physical and mental health. Sleep deficiency, resulting from short sleep or suboptimal sleep quality, is highly prevalent in modern society. Occupation, social demands, psychiatric disorders, physical disorders, and sleep disorders are some of the contributing factors to sleep deficiency. Some populations are at increased risk of sleep deficiency based on ethnicity, age, marital status, sex, and hospitalization. Sleep deficiency influences cognition, alertness, mood, behavior, diabetes, cardiovascular health, renal function, immune system, and respiratory physiology. This review sum...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Amir Gohari, Brett Baumann, Rachel Jen, Najib Ayas Source Type: research
The Need for Social and Environmental Determinants of Health Research to Understand and Intervene on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) disorder, affects at least 25 million adults in the United States and is associated with increased risk for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Racial/ethnic minorities have a disproportionate burden of OSA along with the health sequelae associated with this condition. Despite supporting evidence of racial/ethnic disparities, few studies have investigated SDB including OSA among minoritized racial/ethnic groups. In this scoping review of the literature, the authors summarize current findings related to racial/ethnic disparities in OSA, ...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dayna A. Johnson, Chidinma Ohanele, Carmela Alc ántara, Chandra L. Jackson Source Type: research
Work Around the Clock
A growing body of evidence has placed an increasing emphasis on how sleep affects health. Not only does insufficient sleep make one subjectively feel worse, but is associated with chronic diseases that are considered epidemics in industrialized nations. This is partly caused by the growing need for prolonged work and social schedules, exemplified by shift work, late-night weekends, and early morning work/school start times (social jetlag). Here, we consider fundamental relationships between the circadian clock and biologic processes and discuss how common practices, such as shift work and social jetlag, contribute to sleep...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Joseph T. Hebl, Josie Velasco, Andrew W. McHill Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency in Pregnancy
Sleep is a critical aspect of one ’s daily life for overall health, with a recommended 7 to 9 hours in adulthood (ages 26–64). Up to a third of women do not sleep sufficiently, and pregnant women are at an increased risk for sleep deficiency. Throughout pregnancy, sleep is affected in differing ways. For example, in the first tr imester, hormones affect sleep cycles, but by the third trimester, physical complaints such as increasing frequent urination and fetal movement create frequent awakenings. Associations between sleep deficiency and gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, depression, and some evidence regar...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Arlin Delgado, Judette M. Louis Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency in the Elderly
With aging, there are normative changes to sleep physiology and circadian rhythmicity that may predispose older adults to sleep deficiency, whereas many health-related and psychosocial/behavioral factors may precipitate sleep deficiency. In this article, we describe age-related changes to sleep and describe how the health-related and psychosocial/behavioral factors typical of aging may converge in older adults to increase the risk for sleep deficiency. Next, we review the consequences of sleep deficiency in older adults, focusing specifically on important age-related outcomes, including mortality, cognition, depression, an...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jane Alexandra Pappas, Brienne Miner Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency
Sleep deficiency is associated with disabling daytime symptoms, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue. The purpose of this article is to discuss the contributions of sleep deficiency and sleep disorders to fatigue and EDS among people with chronic conditions. We use exemplars from the literature on chronic heart failure, inflammatory bowel disease, and breast cancer to (1) describe the prevalence of fatigue and EDS and their consequences; (2) examine the evidence for the contributions of sleep deficiency and sleep disorders to these symptoms; and (3) recommend implications for future research and practic...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nancy S. Redeker, Samantha Conley, Youri Hwang Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency in Young Children
There is growing public health concern about the high prevalence of sleep deficiency in early childhood and the associated risk for sleep-associated poor health outcomes, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health. The recent shift to conceptualize sleep health as a multidimensional construct, influenced by socioecological factors, highlights the potential role of sleep in health disparities. Understanding the development of sleep health and the emergence of sleep disorders in early life is a current priority in pediatric sleep research. Future behavioral sleep interventions should consider the multiple socioec...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Monica Roosa Ordway, Sarah Logan, Eloise Hannah Sutton Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency in Adolescents
This article highlights the different contributing factors for sleep deficiency in adolescents and the consequences of sleep deficiency. In addition, the authors discuss the impact of delayed school start times in improving adolescents' sleep and overall function. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Olufunke Afolabi-Brown, Melisa E. Moore, Ignacio E. Tapia Source Type: research
Adding Insult to Injury
Sleep deficiency is a common problem in the hospital setting. Contributing factors include preexisting medical conditions, illness severity, the hospital environment, and treatment-related effects. Hospitalized patients are particularly vulnerable to the negative health effects of sleep deficiency that impact multiple organ systems. Objective sleep measurement is difficult to achieve in the hospital setting, posing a barrier to linking improvements in hospital outcomes with sleep promotion protocols. Key next steps in hospital sleep promotion include improvement in sleep measurement techniques and harmonization of study pr...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Wissam Mansour, Melissa Knauert Source Type: research
Effects of Sleep Deficiency on Risk, Course, and Treatment of Psychopathology
This article reviews the literature on the relationship between sleep deficiency and unipolar and bipolar depression, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We consider the evidence for sleep as a contributory causal factor in the development of psychiatric disorders, as well as sleep as an influential factor related to the outcome and recurrence of psychopathology. A case for sleep deficiency being an important treatment target when sleep and psychiatric disorders are comorbid is also made. Our recommendation is that sleep deficiency is recognized as a means to positively impact the development and course o...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Molly E. Atwood Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed. (...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Roo Killick, Lachlan Stranks, Camilla M. Hoyos Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency, Sleep Apnea, and Chronic Lung Disease
With sleep occupying up to one-third of every adult ’s life, addressing sleep is essential to overall health. Sleep disturbance and deficiency are common in patients with chronic lung diseases and associated with worse clinical outcomes and poor quality of life. A detailed history incorporating nocturnal respiratory symptoms, symptoms of obstructiv e sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and medications is the first step in identifying and addressing the multiple factors often contributing to sleep deficiency in chronic lung disease. Additional research is needed to better unde...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bernie Y. Sunwoo, Robert L. Owens Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep deficiency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea includes abnormal quality, timing, and duration of sleep, and the presence of other comorbid conditions. These include insomnia, circadian misalignment disorders, and periodic limb movements of sleep. The co-occurrence of these conditions with obstructive sleep apnea likely plays a role in the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of obstructive sleep apnea. Considering these conditions and their treatment in evaluating sleep deficiency in obstructive sleep apnea may help to improve patient outcomes. However, future research is needed to understand the...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Olurotimi Adekolu, Andrey Zinchuk Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency and Health
Sleep deficiency, including short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, mistimed sleep, and diminished daytime function, is a significant public health threat. Though there is increasing recognition of the importance of sleep to human health, a significant proportion of studied populations around the world has sleep duration or quality that is less than recommended; other domains of sleep deficiency are less well studied but also appear to have a high prevalence. In this issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, experts from an array of biomedical disciplines discuss the many facets of sleep deficiency in diverse populations and a...
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Melissa P. Knauert Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Sleep Deficiency and Opioid Use Disorder
This article focuses on highlighting bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and points toward promising therapeutic targets. (Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine)
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jennifer Langstengel, H. Klar Yaggi Source Type: research
