Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnostic Criteria, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Options
This article will provide a comprehensive review and update on this important disease state. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarctions: A Systematic Review
Each year 790,000 people in the United States suffer from a myocardial infarction. This results in the permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and an irreversible loss of cardiac function. Current therapies lower mortality rates, but do not address the core pathology, which opens a pathway to step-wise heart failure. Utilizing stem cells to regenerate the dead tissue is a potential method to reverse these devastating effects. Several clinical trials have already demonstrated the safety of stem cell therapy. In this review, we highlight clinical trials, which have utilized various stem cell lineages, and discuss areas for future r...
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Does Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis Impact on Cognitive Function?
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease among elderly patients in developed countries. Surgical valve replacement is indicated for severe AS to relieve the obstructed outflow tract. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative for patients with severe AS, particularly in those with high surgical risk. TAVI is a less invasive approach with favorable survival outcomes in high-risk patients compared with open surgery. Despite the remarkable success of TAVI, there is a growing concern on the incidence of postprocedural cognitive impairment. This review aims to evaluate the...
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Diagnostic Approach, Prognostic Evaluation, and Management Strategies
Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a heart disease with relevant potential complications including heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, and embolic events. In order to prevent adverse outcomes, it is crucial to appropriately recognize and manage this cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we report the main clinical presentations and imaging modalities used for diagnosis, including echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. We highlight the role of a comprehensive functional cardiac evaluation and the possible prognostic implications of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize ...
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Outcomes With the Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a new class of hypoglycemic agents that have shown significant promise in the reduction of cardiovascular events. Current guideline recommendations do not support the use of these agents in patients with CKD stage 3 or higher. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate their cardiovascular effects in patients with type 2 DM and CKD stage 3 or higher. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane central, and Embase. S...
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Use in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis: A Literature Review
This article will review the epidemiology of heart failure in ESRD, the pathophysiological derangements of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in patients with kidney disease, and the results from case series and trials of the use of MRAs in ESRD with HFrEF. Although limited to several small trials using MRAs in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients with or without HFrEF, the current literature appears to show the potential for clinical benefits with little risk. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - April 2, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Literature and Considerations for Clinical Practice
This article reviews landmark clinical trials of aspirin in primary prevention and highlights key changes in dosing strategies and demographics. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Curbside Consult Source Type: research
Biomarkers of Aortopathy in Marfan Syndrome
This article will provide an overview of the literature on potential biomarkers studied so far in MFS, as well as potential future directions. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Primary Aldosteronism: Cardiovascular Risk, Diagnosis, and Management
Primary aldosteronism remains a leading cause of secondary hypertension, and its diagnosis and management continue to pose a challenge for clinicians. In this article, we review the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism along with its cardiovascular manifestations. Treatment is described depending on the diagnostic outcome, focusing on medical management with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and unilateral adrenalectomy. Although screening and diagnosing hyperaldosteronism follows well-known algorithms, in practice, physicians may find difficulty establishing the best course of action due to complexity in testing and co...
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, and Hypercholesterolemia in Lebanon
The Middle East and North Africa regions, including Lebanon, have recently witnessed rapid urbanization and modernization over the last couple of decades that has led to a dramatic transformation affecting lifestyle and diet. The World Health Organization reports that the leading cause of death in Lebanon is due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) at 47% of all-cause mortality. Over the last 30 years, especially the last 10, the population of Lebanon has changed dramatically due to the effect of wars in the region and refugees seeking asylum. With a population of around 4.5 million and a relatively high rate of consanguinity i...
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Disorders Mediated by Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction
Cardiovascular disorders, such as orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, are common in patients with neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease (PD), and may also occur in other conditions, such as peripheral neuropathies, that result in autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Dysfunction and degeneration of the ANS are implicated in the development of orthostatic and postprandial hypotension and impaired thermoregulation. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) results from sympathetic failure and is a common autonomic disorder in PD. Supine hypertension may also occur as a result of both...
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Machine Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine
The computer science technology trend called artificial intelligence (AI) is not new. Both machine learning and deep learning AI applications have recently begun to impact cardiovascular medicine. Scientists working in the AI domain have long recognized the importance of data quality and provenance to AI algorithm efficiency and accuracy. A diverse array of cardiovascular raw data sources of variable quality—electronic medical records, radiological picture archiving and communication systems, laboratory results, omics, etc.—are available to train AI algorithms for predictive modeling of clinical outcomes (in-hospital m...
Source: Cardiology in Review - February 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure. Erratum.
No abstract available (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - December 6, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Erratum Source Type: research
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in the Management of Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a substantially higher risk of thromboembolism, particularly stroke events, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Oral anticoagulation (OAC), while effective in reducing embolic events in AF patients, is associated with an increased bleeding risk. Thus, not all patients with AF are candidates for OAC and some are only candidates for OAC in the short term. Of the available nonpharmacologic strategies for the management of AF, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a potential approach for reducing the risk of systemic thromboembolism in AF patients eligi...
Source: Cardiology in Review - December 6, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Right Heart Catheterization-Related Complications: A Review of the Literature and Best Practices
Right heart catheterization (RHC) is considered to be the gold standard for the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure and has a class 1 indication to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and to guide treatment decisions. Associated complications with RHC in contemporary practice are uncommon. In this review, we aim to summarize the complications that have been published in case reports or case series with updated management and techniques to prevent and mitigate complications. We searched the PubMed database for the following reports: “right heart catheterization,” “Swan-Ganz catheter,” “pu...
Source: Cardiology in Review - December 6, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
