Neuroendovascular Surgery for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
This review discusses modern therapeutic interventions for acute ischemic stroke with a focus on endovascular therapy. In 2015, the American Heart Association made major changes to the guidelines for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The Class IA indications for endovascular therapy of stroke patients include symptom onset within 6 h, proven large vessel occlusion of an artery in the anterior circulation, and the use of a stent retriever as part of the mechanical thrombectomy. Advanced perfusion imaging helps identify patients with a low ratio of ischemic core to salvageable penumbra. Equally important...
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Adrian Kantrowitz, MD (1918–2008) and His Contributions to Cardiac Transplantation
No abstract available (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Editorials Source Type: research
Westchester Medical Center and Its Health Care System: One Hundred Years (1917–2017) of Dedicated Service to Community, Country, and Cardiology
No abstract available (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - October 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Editorials Source Type: research
Celiprolol: A Unique Selective Adrenoceptor Modulator
Celiprolol is a β-blocker with a unique pharmacologic profile: it is a β1-andrenoceptor antagonist with partial β2 agonist activity. Given this combination of effects, celiprolol may be better described as a selective adrenoreceptor modulator. It has antihypertensive and antianginal properties and is indicated for those uses in various countries around the world. In the United States, however, the proposed indication for this drug will be for the treatment of vascular type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile arterial structure and an increased risk of life-threatening vas...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: New Therapy Updates Source Type: research
Droxidopa for Symptomatic Neurogenic Hypotension
Droxidopa is a first-in-class, orally available, synthetic amino acid precursor of norepinephrine that received accelerated Food and Drug Administration approval in February 2014 after Orphan Drug status for a debilitating condition known as symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Neurogenic disorders often lead to postural hypotension as a result of poor norepinephrine release from its storage sites. Clinical data suggest increases in standing systolic blood pressure and improvements in many other markers for subjective relief in patients with symptomatic neurogenic hypotension who received droxidopa therapy over ...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: New Therapy Updates Source Type: research
Trial of Time: Review of Frailty and Cardiovascular Disease
Frailty has become more frequently recognized as an indicator of predisability. It has been shown to have an association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), just as CVD has an association with frailty, and is a predictor of hospitalization and mortality. The ability to identify this population provides a measure to more accurately assess risk and prognosis which can help the early detection of disease and dictate intervention. This has become even more critical over time with the advent of various therapeutic interventions that are geared toward patients who are poor candidates for aggressive surgical measures, such as tran...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Epicardial Fat: Pathophysiology and Clinical Significance
Over the last decade and a half there has been much interest in understanding the role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in cardiac pathology. EAT is a visceral adipose deposit with putative paracrine function. In the nondiseased state, EAT releases cardioprotective cytokines and chemokines to the coronary vasculature. In pathological states, EAT releases an inflammatory cytokine profile that is believed to contribute to the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). EAT imaging with echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated a correlation between EAT size and...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Novel Oral Anticoagulants in the Peri-Endoscopic Period
Millions of patients in the United States are currently prescribed some form of anticoagulation therapy. Recently, novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including direct thrombin inhibitors and direct factor Xa inhibitors, have begun to replace warfarin as the drugs of choice for anticoagulation. As the use of these medications becomes more widespread, it is increasingly important for gastroenterologists to understand the risks associated with performing endoscopic procedures on patients who are taking NOACs. In this review, we provide an overview of the NOACs and current guidelines from international societies regarding the ...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytomas are rare endocrine tumors that can have a significant impact on a variety of organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Although the pathophysiology is not completely understood, pheochromocytomas exert their effects through high levels of catecholamines, mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine, which stimulate adrenergic receptors, including those within the cardiovascular system. Although the most common cardiovascular manifestation is hypertension, patients with pheochromocytoma can present with arrhythmia, hypotension, shock, myocardial ischemia, cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, and periphera...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Carotid Stenosis and Impaired Cognition: The Effect of Intervention
There is a clear association between carotid artery stenosis and cognitive impairment. However, there is no consensus as to how to interpret this association, and what, if any, impact this connection should have on the management of carotid stenosis. A review of the relevant literature suggests that although an intervention to relieve carotid stenosis in patients without clinically significant cognitive impairment does not improve cognition, there may be a cognitive benefit with intervention for carotid stenosis in those patients with clinically significant cognitive disorders. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Cardiac Auscultation in the Modern Era: Premature Requiem or Phoenix Rising?
Competent cardiac auscultation remains a most important skill for the detection of heart disease. Currently it is poorly taught and often ignored or poorly performed, resulting in inaccurate and inefficient patient assessments. This review documents that teaching can be over 90% effective with new, proven teaching methods emphasizing repetition and normal-abnormal comparisons of sounds, using computer-aided and online resources. At present, these concepts are not widely adopted by medical schools. Our current knowledge of teaching heart auscultation is critically reviewed, including traditional bedside, clinic and classroo...
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Teaching of Cardiac Auscultation
No abstract available (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - August 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Influence of Pregnancy in Patients With Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of myocardial repolarization and is characterized by a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram. A prolonged QT predisposes patients to an increased risk of syncope and sudden cardiac death secondary to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Several mutations linked to the LQTS have been identified, the most common of which have been found in the potassium channel KCNQ1 (LQT1) and hERG (LQT2) genes and in the sodium channel SCN5A (LQT3) gene. Female sex is an independent risk factor for the development of torsades de pointes in LQTS. Furthermore, although pregnancy may be...
Source: Cardiology in Review - June 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Similarly, the frequency of vitamin D deficiency is increasing, and a number of epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that there is an increased risk of CVD among people with depletion of this vitamin. This has raised much interest in the potential pathogenic and therapeutic role of vitamin D in CVD. However, randomized trials and meta-analyses have not shown a clear benefit of vitamin D supplementation with respect to cardiovascular events. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the most relevant evidence to date regarding...
Source: Cardiology in Review - June 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Managing Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review
This article is a comprehensive review of the literature on the treatment of multivessel CAD in patients with STEMI, which provides the reader a critical analysis of the available information to determine the best therapeutic approach. (Source: Cardiology in Review)
Source: Cardiology in Review - June 6, 2017 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
