Using geolocated social media for ecological momentary assessments of emotion: Innovative opportunities in psychology science and practice.
We describe 2 specific methods we have developed in the context of Twitter and their use in a broader study investigating relationships among people’s emotional experiences, their expressions of experiences in social media, their daily geospatial movements and locations, and their stress experiences. We conclude with a discussion of potential applications and ethical considerations for these methods in professional psychology practice and science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - June 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
From research to practice: Bridging the gaps for psychologists working in indigenous communities affected by gangs.
Canadian Psychologists have several challenges regarding our research and practice in the development and application of efficacious treatment models for disrupting the progression of gangs and youth crime. Empirically supported model programs for crime prevention and gang intervention require significant study in the Indigenous community context. Indigenous communities affected by gangs and the practitioners serving in these diverse communities require effective models to coordinate treatments across multiple systems and jurisdictions for health, social service, and justice. As a way of bridging the research gaps, we pres...
Source: Canadian Psychology - June 26, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
L’itinérance autochtone: Entre nomadisme et dépossession?
Despite the marked increase in the number of Aboriginal people living on the street or in situations of great vulnerability, the Aboriginal realities of homelessness in Quebec and Canada remain little documented. The purpose of this article is to bridge that gap by presenting an outline of recent scientific literature (2005–2016) concerning the homeless experiences of Aboriginal people in Quebec and Canada. Our contribution seeks to update and complete the survey efforts of Patrick (2014), which was an exhaustive review of mainly English Canadian scientific literature on the subject, produced between 1988 and 2012. Our w...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 8, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Violence de-mystified: Findings on violence by young males in the Pittsburgh Youth Study.
This article summarizes key findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS), a longitudinal study that was started by Rolf Loeber and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber in collaboration with David P. Farrington in 1987. A systematic school sample was formed of 1,517 boys, spread over Grades 1, 4, and 7 (average ages 7, 10, and 13). The youngest and oldest cohorts were regularly followed up for more than 2 decades, until ages 28 and 35, respectively. For the youngest cohort there were 13 consecutive follow-ups between ages 7 and 19, and then again at ages 25 and 28. The oldest cohort was followed up every year from age 13 to 25 (13 wav...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Efficacité et efficience des programmes de transition à la vie adulte: Une revue systématique.
The many problems experienced by young people who reach the age of majority at the end of a placement in the child welfare system are well documented in the scientific literature. As a result, many countries have introduced policies and programs to encompass the transition stage. This systematic review addresses two important questions concerning those programs: 1) Are the programs effective in preparing young people who are taken in care at readaptation centres to make the transition to adulthood? 2) Are these programs efficient; that is, do the benefits outweigh the cost? To answer those questions, comparative studies (e...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Are we assessing temperament appropriately? The Emotionality Activity Sociability and Impulsivity (EASI) Temperament Scale: A systematic psychometric review.
This article describes a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the parent-report Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Impulsivity Temperament Scale (EASI; Buss, Plomin, & Willerman, 1973) and its iteration, the Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Shyness Temperament Survey (EAS; Buss & Plomin, 1984). Comprehensive terms were used to search four electronic databases up to July 2015. Twenty-seven papers that administered the EASI or EAS in English and provided psychometric information were included; 107 articles that administered the measures in a language other than English or that used various modifi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Prevalence and correlates of depression in Canada: Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a profound effect not only on mental health, but on all aspects of life, including employment, social functioning, and physical well-being. Depression has been associated with individual difference variables such as sex, social support, and negative childhood experiences. Other correlates of MDD include: suicidal ideation and action, distress, positive mental health and life satisfaction (both negative). Although extensive research has been done on the prevalence rate and correlates of depression, representative samples are not used often. The current study utilized data from the Canadia...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Knoll, Adriana D.; MacLennan, Richard N. Source Type: research
“Cool” youth: A systematic review and comprehensive meta-analytic synthesis of data from the < em > Cool Kids < /em > family of intervention programs.
To conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the available research on the family of studies belonging to the Cool Kids Program, a cognitive –behavioral intervention for anxiety disorders in youth, and evaluate its overall effectiveness in addressing anxious symptomatology. A search of online databases, combined with reference list examination and communication with program implementers/developers, led to the identification of (16) stu dies that explored the effects of the Cool Kids Program (N = 1579), or its forerunners or extensions. Analyses focused on child- and parent-report of anxiety, with effect sizes aggregated acco...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 16, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mychailyszyn, Matthew P. Source Type: research
Développer les compétences psychosociales des élèves pour lutter contre le harcèlement scolaire: Une revue de la littérature.
The purpose of this article is to propose a French language inventory of the effectiveness of school bullying interventions that aim to enhance the social skills of students. A systematic narrative review of papers published between 2004 and 2015 was carried out using ERIC, FRANCIS, REPERE, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and Academic Research First. Of the 11 articles included in the literature review, 6 showed significant changes in bullying behaviours or in the victimization of students. Specifically, 63 % of the studies showed a significant decrease in intimidation and 50 % showed a decrease in victimization. The most ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Systematic review of comorbidity between DSM disorders and depression according to age and sex in youth.
Unipolar depression is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders in youth, particularly with anxiety and disruptive disorders. Previous literature reviews suggested that patterns of comorbidity differed by age and sex. However, most authors from previous published reviews did not specifically target age and sex as a priori criteria in selecting studies on comorbidity during adolescence. Moreover, these reviews did not consider potentially important methodological issues that might explain inconsistencies in comorbidity rates across studies. In our literature review, we selected empirical studies published within the ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 2, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zavaglia, Elissa; Bergeron, Lise Source Type: research
Attachement adulte et relations sexuelles avec partenaires occasionnels: Synthèse des recherches.
The objective of this research synthesis is to establish where individuals who engage in CSR are situated on a security-insecurity continuum of adult attachment. Eleven studies that examine this link were selected. The results suggest that individuals who have never had casual sex relations display a more secure adult attachment style than individuals who have had CSR experience. In addition, insecure avoidance attachment seems more strongly related to CSR than insecure anxiety attachment. These results should be carefully interpreted in the light of the limitations of the studies selected. Specific methodologies of the st...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
What can we expect of the mental health and well-being of Syrian refugee children and adolescents in Canada?
Canada has accepted over 35,000 Syrian refugees since November 2015; just under half of these refugees are under the age of 15 (Government of Canada, 2016; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2016). This paper reviews the current literature on the pre- and postarrival mental health of refugee children and adolescents to determine (a) whether children and adolescents are liable to be suffering from serious mental health difficulties relating to prearrival trauma that will hamper their future well-being and integration into Canadian society and (b) how the well-being of young refugees in Canada can best be promote...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hadfield, Kristin; Ostrowski, Aly; Ungar, Michael Source Type: research
The scope, focus and types of gambling policies among Canadian colleges and universities.
Investigators have observed that college-age students have the highest prevalence rates of problem gambling among adults. Problem/disordered gambling has been associated with increased risks for personal, social, academic, behavioural, and criminal problems. From a prevention perspective, previous studies have suggested that prohibitive college gambling policies might help to decrease wide numbers of risky behaviours, including gambling behaviours among college students. Although some studies have examined the epidemiology of college gambling policies in the United States, this has not yet been done in Canada. Thus, the cu...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zhao, Yaxi; Marchica, Loredana; Derevensky, Jeffrey L.; Shaffer, Howard J. Source Type: research
Empowerment or dependency? The religion/religiosity–mastery relationship.
Whereas religion/religiosity (R/R) tends to have a positive relationship with psychological well-being in general, the relationship between R/R and Mastery is less clear. Research investigating R/R–mastery has reported a positive, nonsignificant, and negative relationship, and often uses informal composite measures to assess R/R without a substantive discussion surrounding their suitability. The current study used a national Canadian sample (N = 12,930) to investigate the moderating effect of socioeconomic status and religious affiliation on R/R–mastery. Researchers used dual analytical strategies (individual R/R predi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
When and for whom is sex most beneficial? Sexual motivation in romantic relationships.
Satisfying sexual encounters are important for the quality of couples ’ relationships, but maintaining sexual desire and connection over time in a relationship is challenging. Theory and research on sexual motivation can inform when sex is associated with benefits in relationships and when it detracts from satisfaction, as well as who is more likely to maintain sexu al desire and satisfaction over the course of time in a romantic relationship. People differ in their reasons or goals for engaging in sex with a romantic partner and their motivation to meet their partner’s sexual needs, and this has important implications...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Muise, Amy Source Type: research
