Seasonal variations in psychiatric admissions to hospital.
The objective of this study was to identify seasonal variations in mental health–related hospitalizations among children, adolescents, and adults using administrative health data. Hospital admission records from January 2004 to March, 2014 were sourced from the New Brunswick Discharge Abstract Database. Seasonality was measured using a cosinor model to estimate the phase, amplitude, and peak of seasonal variations in psychiatric admissions over the 12-month period from January through December. A general linear model using a Poisson distribution was used to calculate rate ratios that measured the significance of monthly ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - August 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Favoriser le transfert des apprentissages d’équipes et leur performance après la formation : Quel est l’état des connaissances?
This article helps to move scientific knowledge in this field forward by reviewing the existing literature identifying strategies that foster team transfer before, during and after training sessions. Furthermore, this review identifies gaps in the scientific documentation and suggests a rich research agenda that the study of team training would grandly benefit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - August 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Indian residential schools in Canada: Persistent impacts on Aboriginal students’ psychological development and functioning.
Indian residential schools (IRSs) in Canada subjected thousands of students to horrific experiences and contributed to serious problems for Aboriginal peoples and Canadian society. A model is proposed that uses existing psychological theory and empirical research to explore the possible impacts of IRS experiences. The model identifies four aspects of student experiences that were a direct result of Canadian law or policy and so affected all IRS students: parental loss, institutional care, forced acculturation and acculturation stress, and discrimination/racism. The model also identifies three aspects of student experiences...
Source: Canadian Psychology - July 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Association between child custody and postseparation coparenting: A meta-analysis.
Postseparation coparenting is decisive in the adjustment of families going through parental separation, which supports the necessity to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing this coparental relationship. This meta-analysis of 13 studies first examines the magnitude of the association between child custody and postseparation coparenting (conflict and cooperation). A second objective of this meta-analysis is to explore the influence of potential moderating variables, such as the time elapsed since the separation, the parent who has sole custody, the informant of the outcome variable, and the study’s public...
Source: Canadian Psychology - June 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Clinical-forensic psychology in Canada: A survey of practitioner characteristics, attitudes, and psychological assessment practices.
In this study, we conducted a practice survey to obtain an overview of the demographic characteristics, education, and clinical training of 110 Canadian psychologists in forensic practice. Using an online survey, we gathered information about current clinical practices, types of forensic psychological assessments used, and involvement in court-ordered forensic evaluations. Although most practitioners received some exposure to clinical-forensic psychology during their education, only 47% of doctoral-level respondents reported completing formal training during their predoctoral residency. Participants reported working primar...
Source: Canadian Psychology - June 28, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Treating insomnia in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders: A focused review.
Despite its known negative effects on physical and mental health, insomnia is an often-ignored condition. Insomnia is both a risk factor for, and a symptom of, several psychiatric disorders and a predictor of death by suicide, making it an important target for intervention. It is the position of the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine that the first-line treatment for sleep continuity disturbance should be Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I); however, medical, psychiatric, and psychological communities remain largely unaware of the existence and effectiveness of this th...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Goal pursuit: Current state of affairs and directions for future research.
This article provides a review and synthesis of the vast and varied research on personal goals. A growing body of research shows that goals are best conceptualized as a distinct unit of analysis, with extensive within-person variations in both goal characteristics and attainment. In this article, the authors review existing literature on personal goals, examining the process of goal pursuit from start to finish, including goal setting, goal pursuit and self-regulation, and the outcomes associated with attainment and/or failure. They also address the many aspects of personal goal pursuit that are still poorly understood, hi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
University and community acting together to address youth violence and gang involvement.
Youth involvement in violence and criminal gang activities impacts the whole society. It is a multidimensional issue that demands a multilayered systemic response. The goal of this paper is to reflect on the highlights, achievements, and challenges of a research project that brought together a collective of seven academics from four postsecondary institutions, and 11 community groups to address youth involvement in violent and criminal gang activities in their suburban region. This academic and community collaboration included research, training workshops, ongoing dissemination of research knowledge through the academic as...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Work experience, the scientist-practitioner model, and cooperative education.
This article examines research on the effects of such work in these programs and how the construct of work experience might contribute to our understanding of these effects. It is suggested that outcomes of work experience are more likely to be related to future behaviours if more specific measures are made of experience and its outcomes, such as the number of times a task is performed and the skills learned on the job. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Psychological aspects of medical assistance in dying: A personal reflection.
This article reviews those aspects of MAiD that are of particular relevance to psychologists, as seen through the perspective of the author’s research. It includes a brief overview of the major legal cases that led the Supreme Court of Canada to overturn the laws against assisted suicide. It addresses such issues as the prevalence of the desire for death in the terminally ill, reasons for requesting MAiD, the concept of “intolerable suffering,” and the association between MAiD, depression, and suicide. Findings from the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey are highlighted, which document the attitudes of patients...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Le traitement de l’anxiété généralisée: Plus on en sait, moins on en fait.
In collaboration with my students and colleagues of the past three decades, my research and clinical interests have focused on the aetiology and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). During my doctoral training at l’Université Laval, our research group developed a cognitive-behavioural treatment that includes four modules: the reevaluation of the usefulness of worry, behavioural exposure to uncertainty, problem-solving training and imaginal exposure. From 1998 to 2013, as professor at Concordia University and scientist-practitioner at l’Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, I conducted a series of clinical...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Dissemination: Science and sensibilities.
This article resulted from the 2017 Canadian Psychological Association award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to the author. The author is a developer of cognitive–behavioural therapies, and has had the good fortune to promote this work in a broad range of countries and cultures. This article presents a dualistic portrayal of dissemination of evidence-based psychotherapy. The article opens with some of the key theoretical and research-based considerations in the development and evaluation of evidence-based practice, and how these issues are manifested in cross-cultural dissem...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Not the years in your life, but the life in your years: Lessons from Canadian psychology on living fully.
Over the past couple of decades, there has been an increasing focus on positive psychology in both the popular media and the scientific literature. Prior to this time, the predominant focus has been on what is aberrant or deficient, and how to ameliorate problems or dysfunction (i.e., a psychopathology orientation). Indeed, my own research has focused on cognitive vulnerability to depression and how we can understand and modify underlying core beliefs and cognitive structures. In this article, I deviate from my own “comfort zone” to highlight some key concepts related to understanding what makes life fulfilling and mea...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Examining the high-risk accused designation for individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder.
This study examined the relevance of the HRA designation by simulating the retrospective application of the legislative criteria to the National Trajectory Project (NTP) sample of 1,800 persons found NCRMD between 2000 and 2005 in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia, followed until 2008. Focusing on all individuals who had committed a serious contact offense (part of the first HRA criterion) in the NTP sample, we selected variables from the NTP database based on the remaining legislative criteria. We found that an HRA designation could apply to up to 1 in 4 individuals found NCRMD. The HRA group had been under the superv...
Source: Canadian Psychology - May 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mistrust, anger, and hostility in refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants: A systematic review.
Western societies are witnessing major demographic changes because of human displacement. The September 11 attacks and the wars that followed have increased host societies’ feelings of hostility, anger, and mistrust toward refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants, especially those from Arab countries. This systematic review aimed to gather available peer-reviewed literature regarding how society’s hostile attitudes and feelings of anger and mistrust toward these refugees may have a negative impact on their general well-being. It further aimed to identify whether society’s discrimination and negative feelings toward t...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 30, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
