Adhésion aux mythes du viol et perpétration de coercition sexuelle chez les étudiants et étudiantes universitaires : Une revue systématique de la littérature.
The objective of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between RMA and sexual coercion perpetration by male and female university students. A systematic review of the literature was carried out using electronic platforms, Google Scholar and backward snowballing. Of the 2755 references examined, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results support the existence of a relationship between RMA and sexual coercion perpetration and indicate that (1) RMA is positively and significantly correlated to sexual coercion in both male and female students; (2) RMA is significantly stronger among male students who h...
Source: Canadian Psychology - August 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A survey of measures used to assess brain function at FASD clinics in Canada.
The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the measures used by clinicians in Canada to evaluate brain function among individuals assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). We explored which measures are used by Canadian FASD clinicians, emerging trends in FASD assessment practice, and the extent to which clinicians’ choice of measures aligns with those recommended in the current Canadian FASD diagnostic guideline. Data were collected via an online survey sent to all FASD clinics in Canada. The response rate was 75%, with 121 individual respondents from 44 clinics. Clinicians reported using a total...
Source: Canadian Psychology - July 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Building a collaborative psychological science: Lessons learned from ManyBabies 1.
The field of infancy research faces a difficult challenge: Some questions require samples that are simply too large for any 1 lab to recruit and test. ManyBabies aims to address this problem by forming large-scale collaborations on key theoretical questions in developmental science, while promoting the uptake of Open Science practices. Here, we look back on the first project completed under the ManyBabies umbrella—ManyBabies 1—which tested the development of infant-directed speech preference. Our goal is to share the lessons learned over the course of the project and to articulate our vision for the role of large-scale...
Source: Canadian Psychology - June 4, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Beyond football: Intimate partner violence and concussion/brain injury.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 1 in 4 women over their lifetime in Canada and international estimates are even higher. Up to 92% of hits are to the head or face in this context and are likely to be repetitive. While the majority of research on Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) has been conducted on male athletes, there has been a dearth of research on women experiencing brain injury in the IPV context. This work presents an overview of research on brain injury among women in the IPV context and its significance with respect to CTE. It highlights a new program of research on IPV and traumatic brain injury in C...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Believers versus deniers: The radicalization of sports concussion and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) science.
This article reviews the important role that psychology has played in the study of sports concussion and in the establishment of methods currently used to diagnose and track concussion symptoms. Results of existing studies have shown that the neurobiological effects of concussion are rather short-lived with development of persisting symptoms in some individuals associated more with psychosocial factors than underlying physiological effects. With regard to CTE, the status of the science remains preliminary with little definitive information known about its epidemiology or cause. In the midst of the ongoing controversy, a po...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How are you doing, really? Personal project pursuit and human flourishing.
What is the nature of human flourishing? I selectively review a 4-decade research program on how flourishing comprises the sustainable pursuit of core personal projects in our lives. Personal projects are extended sets of personally salient action in context. They are the pivotal concepts in a social ecological model in which stable and dynamic features of both persons and contexts are consequential for the quality of lives. By focusing on personal projects, we uncover the nature of well-doing, or felicitous action. Among the factors that promote well-doing are engaging in project pursuits that are meaningful, manageable, ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
On the misalignment between research and clinical practice in psychology: An example from the Alzheimer’s and dementia field.
This article addresses this issue with a perspective on the Alzheimer’s and dementia field, and argues that research studies going forward must consider the presence of widespread psychiatric comorbidities in participants with, or at risk for, neurodegenerative disease. Chronic mental illness is a strong risk factor for dementia, but very little is known about how psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases might interact, or how dementia presents in the context of a preexisting illness, because psychiatric conditions are systematic exclusion criteria from studies of dementia. Furthermore, the clinical features of dementi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Examining the cognitive and mental health related disability rates among the homeless: Policy implications of changing the definition of disability in Ontario.
The Ontario Government, in an attempt to address escalating costs of the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP), announced its intention to align the program’s definition of disability to that of the federal government. The goal of this article was to use data collected in a multisite population-based program to provide an estimate of homeless persons with disabilities who may currently be excluded from ODSP and the rate of those who would no longer be eligible for ODSP if the narrower Disability Tax Credit (DTC) definition was adopted. Frontline shelter staff were asked to assess shelter users on their caseload using...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Adopting community-based research principles to enhance student learning.
In this article, I share examples of how community-based research principles can advance student learning in research and coursework. Two research projects—one focused on creating social connections for resettled refugee families and another focused on the intersection of severe mental illness and law enforcement—are presented to illustrate the ways in which community-based research methods teach student researchers invaluable skills related to engaging respectfully with community members, developing equitable relationships, practicing cultural humility, and expanding definitions of what it means for research to have a...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Perfecting, belonging, and repairing: A dynamic-relational approach to perfectionism.
This article is based on my address given at the Canadian Psychological Association annual convention in Halifax, Nova Scotia on May 31, 2019. The address was given on the occasion of my receiving the Donald O. Hebb Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology as a Science. In this paper, I will present some of the ideas and work that my colleagues, especially Dr. Gordon Flett and Dr. Samuel Mikail, and I have undertaken in an attempt to gain an understanding of perfectionism, a core vulnerability factor that underscores myriad psychological, physical, relational, and achievement problems. The research and clinical ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A journey researching prejudice and discrimination.
This paper surveys 1 of the author’s 3 lifetime research themes, namely the social psychology of prejudice and discrimination. We first review large-scale surveys documenting the prevalence of prejudice and discrimination suffered by minorities in Canada including Indigenous, African Canadians, Francophone minorities in English-Canada, and English-speaking communities in Quebec. There is growing evidence of the mental and physical health consequences of being victim of discrimination in Canada and elsewhere in the world. We review laboratory studies using the Minimal Group Paradigm showing that the mere categorisation of...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 23, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Proposal for the extension of rights to medical assistance in dying (MAiD) to mature minors in Canada.
Individuals suffering intolerably from a medical condition are legally able to request medical assistance in dying (MAiD) under certain circumstances. MAiD can either entail a physician or nurse practitioner prescribing fatal drugs for the patient to self-administer (physician-assisted suicide) or a physician directly administering lethal drugs (euthanasia). Whereas laws regulating MAiD have been in effect in different areas of the world since 1942, Canada only recently decriminalized MAiD in 2016. Individuals under the age of 18 years are not permitted to receive MAiD in Canada. Because legislation exists in other countri...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Can biomedical and cognitive enhancement increase psychological resilience?
How have advances in the use of biomedical and cognitive enhancement affected our understanding of human resilience? At what point does enhancement facilitate recovery and growth after exposure to adversity, and when is enhancement a manipulation of human potential, causing a redefinition of resilience as something more than a return to normal functioning? In this article we juxtapose theories of enhancement and resilience, exploring how biomedical and cognitive enhancement technologies are influencing our understanding of the limits of human wellbeing in contexts of exposure to atypical stress or challenge. Specifically, ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Barriers and facilitators to the use of progress-monitoring measures in psychotherapy.
Progress-monitoring (PM) measures, which help ensure evidence-based practice, allow the tracking of client progress in psychotherapy treatment and even predict which clients will have negative outcomes. However, the majority of psychologists in Canada still do not use these measures in clinical practice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the barriers and facilitators to the use of PM measures in psychotherapy among psychologists in Canada. Participants included 533 licensed psychologists from across Canada who responded to an online survey regarding the barriers and facilitators involved in using PM measu...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 13, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Pratiques évaluatives liées aux activités réservées par le code des professions du Québec.
This article presents the results of an online survey conducted following the coming into force of the Act to amend the Professional Code and other legislative provisions in the field of mental health and human relations. This survey was conducted on a sample of 243 psychologists, 392 guidance counselors (G.C.) and 90 psychoeducators (Ps. ed.) from Quebec. Results first show that the amendments to the Professional Code appear to have had a lesser impact on the assessment practices of targeted professionals than was anticipated. Considering the attribution of new reserved assessment activities to G.C. and Ps. ed., they, how...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 13, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
