Learning simple associations.
This article describes a program of research investigating the fundamental building blocks of contingency learning underlying people’s acquisition of correlational and causal information in the world around them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Publishing excellence in Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne.
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne on Mar 18 2019 (see record 2019-14900-001). In the article, there was a misprint within the editorial. Dr. Vina M. Goghari is the first racialized female editor of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne. Dr. Helen M. Annis was the first female editor of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne. Dr. Annis served as editor from 1983 to 1987. The online version of this article has been corrected.] The new editor of Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne discusses the journal's well-articulated mandate an...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 4, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Diagnostic frameworks in current Canadian educational systems.
Canadian provincial/territorial ministries of education are tasked with development of policies pertaining to how students with exceptional learning needs are identified and supported within their mandated educational settings. Although not necessary, these efforts often involve the provision of a formal clinical diagnosis and subsequent identification of supports and intervention by psychologists. Current diagnostic frameworks and conceptualizations underwent revision in 2013 with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition; however, the translation of these modifications to...
Source: Canadian Psychology - December 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Interventions efficaces en psychologie positive: Une revue systématique.
In conclusion, while the favourable impact of these interventions is generally low or moderate, their usefulness remains important considering their large-scale development and low cost. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - December 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Attachment and psychotherapy: Implications from empirical research.
In this article, we provide an overview of Bowlby’s theory of attachment, its revisions, and related constructs, and describe how attachment may underlie many of the processes of psychotherapy. Modern psychotherapy research, plagued by the omnipresent “dodo bird” that has consistently determined that most psychotherapy modalities appear to have similar levels of effectiveness, has moved toward attempting to understanding mechanisms of change underlying treatment outcomes. Delineating the ways in which attachment theory may form the foundation for psychotherapy processes may help answer the call for change mechanisms ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 5, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The new Caucus-race: Methodological considerations for meta-analyses of psychotherapy outcome.
The Dodo Bird Verdict (DBV)—the proposition that all psychotherapies are equally effective—remains bitterly contested by researchers, who have mainly used meta-analyses as the primary tool to adjudicate the disagreements about relative psychotherapy efficacy. However, the meta-analytic literature remains inconclusive and contradictory, due in part to heterogeneity in researchers’ methodological and statistical decisions. We undertake a review of a number of recent meta-analyses of psychotherapy outcomes to highlight key methodological issues in the DBV meta-analytic literature. Issues under consideration include the ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Better access growing pains.
This article raises some of the key challenges that have emerged out of the initiative, some of which have resulted in unforeseen consequences, for the community, but particularly for the psychology profession. Many of these challenges remain and it is hoped that in identifying and discussing these there may be impetus for change in the future, as part of the Australian initiative, and also as part of similar models being considered in other countries. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Legal and ethical issues in treating clients with pedohebephilic interests.
Individuals with a sexual interest in children who have not committed a sexual offense are a client population that are currently underserved by psychologists. In the context of accessing and providing mental health services, mandatory reporting laws represent a key issue for clients and psychologists. For clients, mandatory reporting requirements creates a double-bind: They wish to access psychotherapy for a myriad of psychological concerns, yet they fear the implications of psychologists’ mandated reporting requirements if they disclose their sexual interest. Psychologists treating nonoffending clients with sexual inte...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Self-care and the Canadian Code of Ethics: Implications for training in professional psychology.
This article reviews principles relating to self-care from the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists, particularly the principles of Responsible Caring and Integrity in Relationships. The professional psychology training context is described as it relates to self-care, with a review of the training literature and accreditation standards. Given the lack of systematic training in self-care currently provided by professional psychology training programs, it is suggested that programs conceptualise self-care beyond impairment, view self-care as a competency to be taught and practiced, and integrate training opportunities a...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Patterns of symptomatology over time and their relation to outcome.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between characteristics of the symptomatology change curve (i.e., initial symptomatology, rate of change, and curvature) and final treatment outcome using a multilevel approach to account for therapist effects. The sample consisted of community clients (N = 492) seen by 204 student therapists at a training clinic. Linear, quadratic, and cubic trajectories of anxiety and depression symptomatology, as assessed by the Shorter Psychotherapy and Counselling Evaluation (sPaCE; Halstead, Leach, & Rust, 2007) were estimated. The multilevel quadratic trajectory best fit the d...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Psychologists and psychotherapists’ practices of psychotherapy in Quebec: What differences exist?
The landscape of psychotherapy continues to change with the accreditation of other mental health professionals—like social workers and clinical counsellors—as psychotherapy practitioners. Data about potential similarities and differences between psychologists and psychotherapists may provide the field with a more thorough understanding of diverse aspects of psychotherapeutic practices, practitioner characteristics, and clinical training backgrounds. We employed an online survey to obtain information on the psychotherapy practices of psychologists and psychotherapists working in the private sector in Quebec as nearly ha...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Putting recommendations into practice: Improving psychological services in rural and northern Canada.
This article examines the recommendations through the lens of the R&N psychologist, including those that aim to change existing service delivery models and increase funding. The authors highlight the unique challenges (e.g., recruitment and retention of professionals) and opportunities (e.g., a history of maximizing limited resources) inherent to R&N psychological practice in Canada. We also suggest strategic maximization of current resources (e.g., use of technology to reach remote locations, increased use of stepped care models) alongside a much needed increase of overall support for psychological service provision in R&...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Psychological health profiles of Canadian psychotherapists: A wake up call on psychotherapists’ mental health.
The objectives of the current study were twofold. First, the study aimed to assess subjective ratings of mental health in a broad sample of Canadian psychotherapists. Second, this study aimed to identify profiles of psychotherapists according to their scores on a series of mental health indicators. A total of 240 psychotherapists participated in the survey. Results indicated that 20% of psychotherapists were emotionally exhausted and 10% were in a state of significant psychological distress. Latent profile analyses revealed 4 profiles of psychotherapists that differed on their level of mental health: highly symptomatic (12...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Economic evaluations of commonly used structured psychotherapies for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review.
In conclusion, the quality of economic analyses examining structured psychotherapies is good. Face-to-face CBT represents good value for money in the management of adult MDD and GAD though no study was done in Canada. The long-term cost-effectiveness of the group versus individual format remains unclear and warrants further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Will publicly funded psychotherapy in Canada be evidence based? A review of what makes psychotherapy work and a proposal.
Jurisdictions in Canada, notably in Ontario and Quebec, are proposing a laudable goal of increasing publicly funded access to psychotherapy. Ontario and Quebec will likely follow the lead of the Increasing Access to Psychotherapy (IAPT) program in the United Kingdom and train psychotherapists to provide cognitive–behavioural therapy. Results from IAPT provide some important lessons about taking an approach that prefers one brand of psychotherapy. We argue that such policy decisions are based on a medical model approach to psychotherapy that makes erroneous assumptions about what psychotherapy is, what is the nature of th...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
