Is nature relatedness a basic human psychological need? A critical examination of the extant literature.
The objective of this paper is to use previous conceptualisations of basic psychological needs, and the criteria proposed by Baumeister and Leary (1995) and Sheldon (2011) to critically examine whether enough evidence exists to support this proposition. Research from diverse research areas are reviewed, with conclusions drawn for each criterion as well as for the overall literature. In general, research supports the proposition for a basic psychological need for nature relatedness, with stronger evidence pointing to the idea of this as a need-as-requirement than a need-as-motive, though both are well-evidenced. (PsycINFO D...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Statcheck in Canada: What proportion of CPA journal articles contain errors in the reporting of p-values?
Using a computer program called “Statcheck,” a 2016 digital survey of several prestigious American and European psychology journals showed that the p values reported in research articles failed to agree with the corresponding test statistics (e.g., F, t, χ²) at surprisingly high rates: Nearly half of all articles contained at least one such error, as did about 10% of all null hypothesis significance tests. We investigated whether this problem was present in Canadian psychology journals and, if so, at what frequency. We discovered similar rates of p value errors in Canadian journals over the past 30 years. However, we...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A guide for study terminology: Reviewing a fragmented domain.
Decades of research publications on studying in higher education have resulted in a plethora of similar-sounding study terminology and inconsistent use of study terms. This domain is in need of a study lexicon so that researchers can consistently use terms and definitions across and within studies to more clearly define their research. This review discusses frequently used study terms (e.g., strategies, tactics, behavior), discrepancies in their definitions, and their relations to theoretical frameworks. We propose a hierarchy of study terminology based on a review of the study terms used in prior research and discuss impl...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Counselling transgender individuals: Issues and considerations.
This article addresses many of the key issues and counselling recommendations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Canadian Psychology)
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Research productivity and impact of professors in Canadian undergraduate psychology programmes.
Professors in small departments do carry out research, and they can serve an important role in inspiring and preparing undergraduate students for graduate school. Although normative data of research productivity and impact of professors in Canadian psychology graduate departments have been reported, no normative data are available for professors in departments that offer undergraduate programmes only. Such normative data would provide a fuller picture of research productivity in academic psychology in Canada and help students in small departments identify mentors. In the present study, normative data of research productivi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - April 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mieux comprendre les causes du présentéisme: Une analyse systématique à partir des facteurs du modèle exigences-ressources.
Presenteeism is attending work while ill. Recent researches on the subject highlights that presenteeism is associated with mental and physical health problems. Nevertheless, it also appears that only a few theoretical frameworks and models have been presented in order to better understand this phenomenon. In light of Bakker and Demerouti (2017) job demands-resources model, this paper aims to present an explaining up-to-date knowledge on presenteeism, especially concerning the factors which can lead to presenteeism. Based on the most recent knowledge on presenteeism, this article leads to conceptualize presenteeism as an in...
Source: Canadian Psychology - March 29, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among public safety personnel in Canada.
Substantial media attention has focused on suicide among Canadian Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police). The attention has raised significant concerns about the mental health impact of public safety service, as well as interest in the correlates for risk of suicide. There have only been two published studies assessing lifetime suicidal behaviors among Canadian PSP. The current study was designed to assess past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts amongst a large diverse sample of Canadian PSP. Estimates of suicidal ideation, plans, and a...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Emotion regulation: Why beliefs matter.
Emotion regulation research is flourishing. However, enthusiasm for this topic has outpaced conceptual clarity, resulting in a maelstrom of disparate findings. In the present review, we bring together two conceptual frameworks that we believe may be useful in organizing existing findings and suggesting directions for future research. The first considers individuals’ fundamental beliefs about emotion and the pervasive role they play in emotion regulation. The second identifies how emotion regulation unfolds across time (Gross, 2015). We bring these two frameworks together to highlight how individuals’ beliefs about emot...
Source: Canadian Psychology - February 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How do Canadians rank the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists' principles?
The Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (CCEP) is organized around 4 ethical principles ranked in descending order of importance: I Respect for the Dignity of Persons and Peoples; II Responsible Caring; III Integrity in Relationships; and IV Responsibility to Society. In situations where 2 or more principles are in conflict, psychologists are instructed to give more weight to the higher-ranked principle when deciding how to act. The current study examines how the public ranks the CCEP’s ethical principles. If Canadians endorse the CCEP’s ranking of principles, this would provide additional support for the validit...
Source: Canadian Psychology - December 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A meta-analysis of group cognitive–behavioral therapy as an antidepressive treatment: Are we getting better?
This meta-analysis examines temporal changes (time trends) in the effects of group cognitive–behavioral therapy (GCBT) as a treatment for unipolar depression. In this exploratory study, 37 studies (comprising 1,016 patients) conducted between 1980 and 2015 were included, and their effect sizes (ESs) were quantified as Hedge’s g based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). In the main analyses, within-group (prepost) comparisons (k = 35 for the BDI, and k = 14 for the HRSD) and controlled (between group) comparisons (k = 16 for the BDI) were conducted. The average wit...
Source: Canadian Psychology - December 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
L’évaluation psychologique par le biais des applications mobiles.
Mobile technology, either through smartphones or tablets, is increasingly present in health professional practice. However, their use in psychology and neuropsychology remains limited. The main objective of this paper was to find relevant mobile applications for psychology or neuropsychology assessment with face validity for the professional or clinical practice. Exploratory searches were performed in summer and fall 2014 in Apple downloading platform, Pubmed, PsycINFO and Google. Seventeen mobile applications were considered and tested. Among them, 10 were for psychological assessment, 4 were for cognitive assessment and ...
Source: Canadian Psychology - December 7, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Rethinking the concept of learning disability.
Learning disabilities are assumed to result from a neurological disorder that makes it very difficult for children to perform well in school. The unstated assumption is that there is a discontinuity in the distribution in aptitude for academic studies such that these children can be objectively categorised as having a learning disability or not. This assumption is based on an analogy with medical diseases or disorders in which certain tests can indicate whether or not a disease is present. However, this analogy is not appropriate and results in a number of practical problems. An alternate view is presented according to whi...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Weight bias as a social justice issue: A call for dialogue.
Weight bias is pervasive, impacting the lived experiences of individuals with large bodies in all areas of society. Weight bias negatively impacts psychological and physical health, and contributes to systemic inequity for individuals with large bodies. Given that counselling psychology has been recognised for its commitment to social justice, it is important to provide examples of the many social justice issues associated with weight bias. The purpose of this article is to position weight bias as an important social justice issue for psychologists, through the lens of 3 social justice perspectives; distributive justice, p...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Women’s experiences of immigration to Canada: A review of the literature.
This systematic review of the literature on the experiences of first-generation immigrant women in Canada was conducted with the aim of describing the factors found in the peer-reviewed literature that affect all aspects of their adjustment and well-being. This review was as broad as possible, while restricting it to peer-reviewed studies published from 1980 through 2015. On the basis of a comprehensive search of key databases (ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed electronic databases, and university library e-journal sources), 166 peer-reviewed articles were identified whose results described some aspect of foreign-born women...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Criminal responsibility in autism spectrum disorder: A critical review examining empathy and moral reasoning.
Recent research has suggested the existence of a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that demonstrate criminal behaviour. It follows, then, that researchers must answer the question of whether an offender’s diagnosis of ASD impacts his or her criminal responsibility. Such research has indicated that individuals with ASD display deficits in cognitive empathy and higher order moral reasoning. Based on these deficits, in the present narrative review, our findings suggest that an ASD diagnosis should be considered when establishing criminal responsibility, as defined by the Canadian Criminal Code (1985)...
Source: Canadian Psychology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
