Opportunistic Identification of Vertebral Compression Fractures on CT Scans of the Chest and Abdomen, Using an AI Algorithm, in a Real-Life Setting
This study evaluated the performance of a vertebral fracture detection algorithm (HealthVCF) in a real-life setting and assessed the impact on treatment and diagnostic workflow. HealthVCF was used to identify moderate and severe vertebral compression fractures (VCF) at a Danish hospital. Around 10,000 CT scans were processed by the HealthVCF and CT scans positive for VCF formed both the baseline and 6-months follow-up cohort. To determine performance of the algorithm 1000 CT scans were evaluated by specialized radiographers to determine performance of the algorithm. Sensitivity was 0.68 (CI 0.581 –0.776) and specificity ...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 26, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Systemic Inflammatory Regulators Associated with Osteoporosis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
AbstractTo elucidate the precise upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of inflammatory factors in osteoporosis (OP) progression and to establish a causal relationship between inflammatory factors and OP. We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using data for 41 cytokines obtained from three independent cohorts comprising 8293 Finnish individuals. Estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data were derived from 426,824 UK Biobank White British individuals (55% female) and fracture data from 416,795 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. The inverse variance-weighted method was the primary...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 25, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Secular Trends in Peak Bone Mineral Density: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 –2018
This study aimed to investigate secular trends in peak BMD among young adults in the United States. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999–2018, 3,975 males aged 19–28 years and 2370 females aged 31– 40 years were our target population for estimating peak lumbar spine BMD. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models adjusted for multiple covariates were used to examine the secular trends in peak BMD in males and females, respectively. Secular trends for peak lumbar spine BMD from 1999–2000 to 2017–2018 were not statistically significant in mal...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 24, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Paget Disease of Bone Harboring Bone Metastatic Neuroendocrine Cancer: A Case Report
In conclusion, low back pain in the elderly may require deep investigation to individuate rare diseases. In asymptomatic patients with apparently stable PDB, the sudden appearance of pain or neurologic symptoms may alert the clinician for the possibility of other superimposing diseases, like bone metastases. (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 20, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Pre-proenkephalin 1 is Downregulated Under Unloading and is Involved in Osteoblast Biology
AbstractPre-proenkephalin 1 (Penk1) is a pro-neuropeptide that belongs to the typical opioid peptide ’s family, having analgesic properties. We previously foundPenk1 to be the most downregulated gene in a whole gene profiling analysis performed in osteoblasts subjected to microgravity as a model of mechanical unloading. In this work,Penk1 downregulation was confirmed in the bones of two in vivo models of mechanical unloading: tail-suspended and botulinum toxin A (botox)-injected mice. Consistently, in the sera from healthy volunteers subjected to bed rest, we observed an inverse correlation between PENK1 and bed rest dur...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 20, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Fracture Risk and Health Profiles Differ According to Relationship Status: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
AbstractRegistry studies have suggested associations between relationship status and fracture risk. We considered associations between relationship status and incident fracture in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, comprising community-dwelling older adults, and explored associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with relationship status. 2997 participants completed a baseline questionnaire (1998 –2004) and clinic visit. Participants were followed up until December 2018 using Hospital Episode Statistics, which report clinical outcomes using codes from the 10th revision of the International Classification of Di...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 18, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Postoperative Bisphosphonates Use is Associated with Reduced Adverse Outcomes After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty of Hip and Knee: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
This study investigated the association between the use of bisphosphonates and the risk of adverse outcomes after primary TJA. This matched cohort study utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to identify patients who underwent primary TJA over a 15-year period (January 2000 –December 2015 inclusive). Study participants were further categorized into two groups, bisphosphonate users and nonusers, using propensity score matching. The Kaplan–Meier curve analysis and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of revision surgery, adverse outcomes of primary surgery and subsequent TJ A were calculated using Co...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 16, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
The PDE4 Inhibitors Roflumilast and Rolipram Rescue ADO2 Osteoclast Resorption Dysfunction
AbstractAutosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type II (ADO2) is a rare bone disease of impaired osteoclastic bone resorption caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the chloride channel 7 (CLCN7). Adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cAMP, is critical for lysosomal acidification in osteoclasts. We found reduced cAMP levels in ADO2 osteoclasts compared to wild-type (WT) osteoclasts, leading us to examine whether regulating cAMP would improve ADO2 osteoclast activity. Although forskolin, a known activator of adenylate cyclase and cAMP levels, negatively affected osteoclast number, it led to an overall increase...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 14, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Differences in Vertebral Morphology and bone Mineral Density between Grade 1 Vertebral Fracture and Non-Fractured Participants in the Chinese Population
Conclusions:The grade 1 group had higher VSI and lower BMD than the non-fractured group, suggesting an association between the Grade 1 group and osteoporosis in individuals aged over 50 for women and over 60 for men. Different fracture types have significant variations in BMD among middle-aged people. The prevalence of grade 1 VFs exhibits an age-related increase in both genders, with opposite trends observed between older males and females. We suggested VSI can aid physicians in the diagnosis of grade 1 VFs. (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 14, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Current and Developing Pharmacologic Agents for Improving Skeletal Health in Adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by increased bone fragility largely caused by defects in structure, synthesis, or post-translational processing of type I collagen. Drugs currently used to improve skeletal health in OI were initially developed to treat osteoporosis and clinical trials are ongoing to study their effectiveness in OI adults. Additionally, novel bone-protective agents are in preclinical studies and various phases of OI clinical trials. This review summarizes current knowledge on available pharmacologic agents and current drug trials involving OI participants. A PubMed on...
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 12, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Roles of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Heterotopic Ossification Induced by Achilles Tenotomy in Thermal Injured Mice
In conclusion, the present study showed that PAI-1 deficiency promoted HO in Achilles tendons after trauma/burn treatment partly by enhancing osteoblast differentiation and ALP activity in mice. Endogenous PAI-1 may play protective roles against HO after injury and inflammation. (Source: Calcified Tissue International)
Source: Calcified Tissue International - March 11, 2024 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
