Assessing the effectiveness of speed limit reduction in Edmonton: A case study analysis
This study evaluates the impact of reducing the default speed limit from 50 km/h to 40 km/h on traffic safety and drivers' behavior in Edmonton, Canada. The research comprehensively examines collision and speed data to assess the outcomes of the new speed limit. Collision data was analyzed across three distinct periods: pre-COVID (2017-2019), the COVID period (2019-2021), and the after-implementation period (August 2021 to July 2022). Speed surveys were conducted on 219 road segments before and after the implementation of the speed limit change. The study utilized a before-and-after with a comparison group approach to eval...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 22, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Ahmed Abohassan Laura Contini Hesham Elmasry Karim El-Basyouny Source Type: research
Predicting changes in driving performance in individuals who use cannabis following acute use based on self-reported readiness to drive
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 18;195:107376. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107376. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: It is unclear to what extent individuals who use cannabis can accurately assess their ability to drive safely following cannabis use, and lack of understanding as to what factors influence changes in driving performance following cannabis use. This research explores whether self-reported readiness to drive (RTD) and previous experience (PE) using cannabis within 2 h of driving can predict observed changes in driving performance following acute cannabis use.METHODS: Individuals who used cannabis at least monthly...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Ryan Miller Timothy Brown Rose Schmitt Gary Gaffney Gary Milavetz Source Type: research
Analysis of pre-crash scenarios and contributing factors for autonomous vehicle crashes at intersections
This study therefore aims to use the method with pre-crash scenarios to understand the characteristics and contributing factors of AV crashes at intersections from the latest 5-year AV crash data. Analysis of 197 AV crashes at intersections revealed 30 types of pre-crash scenarios. The rear-end crash (58.88%) and lane change crash (16.24%) were the most frequently occurring scenarios for AVs. The proportion of AVs being rear-ended by conventional vehicles was 58.38%. The main contributing factors of these two most common AV scenarios were identified by association rules and crash causes were analyzed from the perspective o...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Qian Liu Xuesong Wang Shikun Liu Chunjun Yu Yi Glaser Source Type: research
A spatio-temporal deep learning approach to simulating conflict risk propagation on freeways with trajectory data
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 18;195:107377. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107377. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOn freeways, sudden deceleration or lane-changing by vehicles can trigger conflict risk that propagates backward in a specific pattern. Simulating this pattern of conflict risk propagation can not only help prevent crashes but is also vital for the deployment of advanced vehicle technologies. However, conflict risk propagation simulation (CRPS) on freeways is challenging due to the nuanced nature of the pattern, intricate spatio-temporal interdependencies among sequences and the high-resolution requirements. In this work,...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Tao Wang Ying-En Ge Yongjie Wang Wenqiang Chen Source Type: research
Predicting changes in driving performance in individuals who use cannabis following acute use based on self-reported readiness to drive
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 18;195:107376. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107376. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: It is unclear to what extent individuals who use cannabis can accurately assess their ability to drive safely following cannabis use, and lack of understanding as to what factors influence changes in driving performance following cannabis use. This research explores whether self-reported readiness to drive (RTD) and previous experience (PE) using cannabis within 2 h of driving can predict observed changes in driving performance following acute cannabis use.METHODS: Individuals who used cannabis at least monthly...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Ryan Miller Timothy Brown Rose Schmitt Gary Gaffney Gary Milavetz Source Type: research
Analysis of pre-crash scenarios and contributing factors for autonomous vehicle crashes at intersections
This study therefore aims to use the method with pre-crash scenarios to understand the characteristics and contributing factors of AV crashes at intersections from the latest 5-year AV crash data. Analysis of 197 AV crashes at intersections revealed 30 types of pre-crash scenarios. The rear-end crash (58.88%) and lane change crash (16.24%) were the most frequently occurring scenarios for AVs. The proportion of AVs being rear-ended by conventional vehicles was 58.38%. The main contributing factors of these two most common AV scenarios were identified by association rules and crash causes were analyzed from the perspective o...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Qian Liu Xuesong Wang Shikun Liu Chunjun Yu Yi Glaser Source Type: research
A spatio-temporal deep learning approach to simulating conflict risk propagation on freeways with trajectory data
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 18;195:107377. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107377. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOn freeways, sudden deceleration or lane-changing by vehicles can trigger conflict risk that propagates backward in a specific pattern. Simulating this pattern of conflict risk propagation can not only help prevent crashes but is also vital for the deployment of advanced vehicle technologies. However, conflict risk propagation simulation (CRPS) on freeways is challenging due to the nuanced nature of the pattern, intricate spatio-temporal interdependencies among sequences and the high-resolution requirements. In this work,...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 20, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Tao Wang Ying-En Ge Yongjie Wang Wenqiang Chen Source Type: research
Evidence of automated vehicle safety's influence on people's acceptance of the automated driving technology
This study contributes to the literature by quantitatively revealing why AV acceptance is changed after experiencing automated driving via a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and objectively validating that safety is the primary factor in determining AV acceptance. Sixty drivers completed driving tasks on a driving simulator under Levels 0, 4, 3, and 2 and survey questions in between. As a result, the safety-related perceptions of AV were identified as reasons for affecting AV acceptance. Particularly, the evaluation of traffic conflicts and conflict severity validates the results from SEM, proving that safety is t...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 19, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Song Wang Zhixia Li Yi Wang Wenjing Zhao Tangzhi Liu Source Type: research
Evidence of automated vehicle safety's influence on people's acceptance of the automated driving technology
This study contributes to the literature by quantitatively revealing why AV acceptance is changed after experiencing automated driving via a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and objectively validating that safety is the primary factor in determining AV acceptance. Sixty drivers completed driving tasks on a driving simulator under Levels 0, 4, 3, and 2 and survey questions in between. As a result, the safety-related perceptions of AV were identified as reasons for affecting AV acceptance. Particularly, the evaluation of traffic conflicts and conflict severity validates the results from SEM, proving that safety is t...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 19, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Song Wang Zhixia Li Yi Wang Wenjing Zhao Tangzhi Liu Source Type: research
An analysis of physiological responses as indicators of driver takeover readiness in conditionally automated driving
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 16;195:107372. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107372. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBy the year 2045, it is projected that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will make up half of the new vehicle market. Successful adoption of AVs can reduce drivers' stress and fatigue, curb traffic congestion, and improve safety, mobility, and economic efficiency. Due to the limited intelligence in relevant technologies, human-in-the-loop modalities are still necessary to ensure the safety of AVs at current or near future stages, because the vehicles may not be able to handle all emergencies. Therefore, it is important to know th...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 18, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Min Deng Aaron Gluck Yijin Zhao Da Li Carol C Menassa Vineet R Kamat Julian Brinkley Source Type: research
Who might encounter hard-braking while speeding? Analysis for regular speeders using low-frequency taxi trajectories on arterial roads and explainable AI
This study considers speeding-related hard-braking events (SHEs) as a safety surrogate measure and recognizes the regular speeders who encounter at least one SHEs during the study period as risky individuals. To identify speeding behaviors and hard-braking events from low-frequency GPS trajectories, we compare the average travel speed between pairwise adjacent GPS points to the posted speed limit and examine the speed curve and the corresponding travel distance between these GPS points, respectively. Thereafter, a logistic model, XGBoost, and three 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) including AlexNet CNN, Mini-AlexNet...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 18, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yue Zhou Chuanyun Fu Xinguo Jiang Qiong Yu Haiyue Liu Source Type: research
An analysis of physiological responses as indicators of driver takeover readiness in conditionally automated driving
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 16;195:107372. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107372. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBy the year 2045, it is projected that Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will make up half of the new vehicle market. Successful adoption of AVs can reduce drivers' stress and fatigue, curb traffic congestion, and improve safety, mobility, and economic efficiency. Due to the limited intelligence in relevant technologies, human-in-the-loop modalities are still necessary to ensure the safety of AVs at current or near future stages, because the vehicles may not be able to handle all emergencies. Therefore, it is important to know th...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 18, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Min Deng Aaron Gluck Yijin Zhao Da Li Carol C Menassa Vineet R Kamat Julian Brinkley Source Type: research
Who might encounter hard-braking while speeding? Analysis for regular speeders using low-frequency taxi trajectories on arterial roads and explainable AI
This study considers speeding-related hard-braking events (SHEs) as a safety surrogate measure and recognizes the regular speeders who encounter at least one SHEs during the study period as risky individuals. To identify speeding behaviors and hard-braking events from low-frequency GPS trajectories, we compare the average travel speed between pairwise adjacent GPS points to the posted speed limit and examine the speed curve and the corresponding travel distance between these GPS points, respectively. Thereafter, a logistic model, XGBoost, and three 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) including AlexNet CNN, Mini-AlexNet...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 18, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yue Zhou Chuanyun Fu Xinguo Jiang Qiong Yu Haiyue Liu Source Type: research
Advances, challenges, and future research needs in machine learning-based crash prediction models: A systematic review
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov 14;194:107378. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107378. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAccurately modelling crashes, and predicting crash occurrence and associated severities are a prerequisite for devising countermeasures and developing effective road safety management strategies. To this end, crash prediction modelling using machine learning has evolved over two decades. With the advent of big data that provides unprecedented opportunities to better understand the crash mechanism and its determinants, such efforts will likely be accelerated. To gear these efforts, understanding state-of-the-art machine le...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 17, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Yasir Ali Fizza Hussain Md Mazharul Haque Source Type: research
Decoding the impacts of contributory factors and addressing social disparities in crash frequency analysis
This study provides a framework to spatially examine the relationships between crash rates and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as roadway infrastructure and traffic characteristics at the Census Block Groups (CBGs) level. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was first performed on the residual of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to identify whether non-stationarity exists. Then, the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model and the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model were applied to assess the impacts of these factors on crash rates spatially and statistically. Our findi...
Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention. - November 13, 2023 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Jinli Liu Subasish Das Md Nasim Khan Source Type: research
