What Are Some Mast Cell Disorders?
Discussion
Mast cells (MCs) were first discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Previously in 1869, Nettleship and Tay described a toddler with chronic urticaria and a brown skin lesion which is believed to be the first reported case of mastocytosis. Urticaria pigmentosa was a term first used by Sangster in 1878, and in 1936 the term mastocytosis was used.
“Mast cells first evolved 500 million years ago in Ascidians (sea squirts), providing host innate immunity against bacteria and parasites….MCs gained additional functions regulating inflammation, wound healing, coagulation, adaptive immunity and acute allergic res...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 21, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Which Premature Infants Need Eye Exams?
Discussion
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a developmental problem. Term infants have full vascularization of the retina and therefore cannot have ROP. Premature infants however do not have full vascularization (which proceeds from the periphery to the central retinal area) and therefore may have abnormal and excessive vascularization. It affects premature infants primarily < 31 weeks gestation. Although the mechanism of ROP is not completely understood, increased oxygen levels are a risk factor. Additionally there is data which shows growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are increase,d re...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 31, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Discussion
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described in 1967 by Northway et.al. At that time it was described as “relatively mature preterm infants with severe respiratory failure to survive their initial respiratory distress syndrome after receiving aggressive respiratory support with high oxygen and positive pressure ventilation. Their clinical course was characterized by severe chronic respiratory failure with a radiographic picture showing areas of hyperinflation alternating with adjacent increased densities.” This is often referred to as “Old BPD.”
Over time more has been learned and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 10, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are Some Etiologies for Intellectual Disability?
Discussion
“Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in both intellectual functioning and adaptive function whose onset is in the development period.” Global developmental delay (GDD) is used to describe children from 0-5 years old with significant delays in 2 or more developmental areas. These delays may be transient but up to 2/3 of children with GDD will have ID. Overall 1-3% of the general population has ID which makes it very common.
Most children with GDD/ID are identified because of delays in meeting milestones or general academic achievement. ID pat...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 3, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Validating a better way to stratify BPD risk in vulnerable newborns
(Children's National Hospital) Factoring in the total number of days that extremely preterm infants require supplemental oxygen and tracking this metric for weeks longer than usual improves clinicians' ability to predict respiratory outcomes according to bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity, finds research led by Children's National Hospital. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 11, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Hormone adjustment may lead to new ways to prevent and treat lung damage in premature infants
(Elsevier) Prematurely born babies often need oxygen therapy to prevent brain damage or death. Unfortunately, excessive oxygen can damage immature lungs and cause severe life-long problems including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). A new study in The American Journal of Pathology, published by Elsevier, provides insights into the important role that the hormone adrenomedullin plays in the development, recovery, and prevention of BPD and PH. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - February 21, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Late-Onset Sepsis as a Risk Factor for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study
In conclusion, LOS, particularly complicated by multiple episodes and/or fungi, was a risk factor for BPD in ELBW infants. (Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH))
Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH) - November 28, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
Germ-free lungs of newborn mice are partially protected against hyperoxia
(University of Alabama at Birmingham) Researchers have used a novel and first-of-its-kind newborn mouse model to study the effect of high oxygen concentrations, or hyperoxia, on lung development of newborn mice that are germ-free -- meaning no microbes colonizing their lungs. Their goal is to learn how differences in the types of microbes that already colonize human lungs at birth -- including extremely premature infants -- can protect or make an infant more susceptible to life-threatening bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or BPD. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - November 21, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Scientists developing way to help premature babies breathe easier
(Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center) Researchers suggest a possible cell-based therapy to stimulate lung development in fragile premature infants who suffer from a rare condition called Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), which in the most severe cases can lead to lifelong breathing problems and even death. Scientists report in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine they studied genetic signatures in donated human neonatal lungs by using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and mouse models of BPD. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - June 26, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Compared to sustained inflations for extremely premature infants, standard treatment prevails
(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) Preterm infants must establish regular breathing patterns at delivery. For extremely preterm infants requiring resuscitation at birth, a ventilation strategy involving two sustained inflations, compared with standard intermittent positive pressure ventilation, did not reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 26, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Hydrocortisone Does Not Reduce BPD in Preemies Hydrocortisone Does Not Reduce BPD in Preemies
Systemic hydrocortisone did not reduce the risk for a composite endpoint of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation, a randomized trial found.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - January 30, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Pediatrics News Source Type: news
Activated PMN exosomes are pathogenic entities that cause destruction in the COPD lung
(University of Alabama at Birmingham) Researchers have found a novel, pathogenic entity that is a fundamental link between chronic inflammation and tissue destruction in lungs of patients with COPD. These exosomes from activated neutrophils caused COPD damage when they were instilled into the lungs of healthy mice. Remarkably, neutrophil exosomes from the lung fluids of human patients with COPD and neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia also caused COPD lung damage when put into the lungs of healthy mice. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 11, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Own mother's milk significantly decreases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
OMM has substantial health benefits for VLBW infants including decreased sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity.1 2 Limited studies have evaluated the effects of OMM on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature … (Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH))
Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH) - May 25, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
MicroRNA predicts and protects against severe lung disease in extremely premature infants
(University of Alabama at Birmingham) Researchers report discovery of a strong predictive biomarker for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and they show a role for the biomarker in the pathogenesis of this neonatal lung disease. These results open the path to possible future therapies to prevent or lessen BPD, which is marked by inflammation and impaired lung development, and mortality or morbidity. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - March 8, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news
Inside the NICU: Shining light on the healing power of touch
Abigail underwent open-heart surgery and received care in Boston Children’s Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Traveling through Boston Children’s Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), you feel the warmth of natural light and a soothing sense of calm.
One mom, leaning delicately over her son’s bedside, caresses his forehead and gently whispers a lullaby. Only a few steps away, a father rests in a chair with his tiny son on his chest. Lifesaving technology fills the 24-bed NICU and a reassuring team of specialized physicians, nurses and Child Life Specialists monitor, treat and embrace their delicate patients.
Nearly 15 m...
Source: Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston - November 16, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Maureen McCarthy Tags: Our Patients’ Stories neonatal intensive care unit NICU Source Type: news
