American Medical Association (AMA) Research This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late Preterm Corticosteroids
This prospective follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial evaluates whether antenatal corticosteroids administered to birthing parents at risk of late preterm delivery were associated with adverse neurodevelopmental effects on their offspring. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 24, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Toward the End of My Dad ’s Life We Go Back to Arguing, and Soon After He Dies, I Break My Elbow
—but I prefer not to disentangle it,because it is more accurate.Tony Hoagland, “Entanglement” (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 24, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Is Myocardial Infarction Overdiagnosed?
This Viewpoint examines whether overdiagnosis rather than underdiagnosis may now be the dominant form of myocardial infarction misdiagnosis. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 24, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Risk of Postoperative Complications
This cohort study evaluates the risk of postoperative respiratory complications among patients with diabetes undergoing surgery who had vs those who had not a prescription fill for glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Measuring Equity in Readmission as an Assessment of Hospital Performance
To the Editor A recent study that used Medicare administrative data reported disparities in readmission rates for Black compared with White beneficiaries and notable segregation in the care of Black and White patients among hospitals. These findings necessitate attention to additional structural factors contributing to the observed disparities, extending beyond between-hospital –level segregation to the community and other health system levels. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Measuring Equity in Readmission as an Assessment of Hospital Performance —Reply
In Reply We agree with Drs Gallo and Santiago that research is needed to identify and target the upstream contributors to disparities in hospital readmissions. These root causes function both at the level of the hospital and outside of the hospital via the social determinants of health (SDoH). In our recent study, we proposed a novel measure of equity —an important domain of health care quality that has only recently been incorporated into formal hospital accountability programs. Quality measurement, through its use in public reporting and value-based payment programs, is a known and effective policy-level intervention t...
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments
This study examines the strength of association between surrogate markers used as primary end points in clinical trials to support FDA approval of drugs treating nononcologic chronic diseases and clinical outcomes. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Interstitial Lung Disease
This review summarizes current evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

The Overdose Crisis in the 2024 Election —Political Fights and Practical Problems
This Viewpoint discusses the 2024 presidential election in the context of the addiction and overdose crisis in the US, which has been a unifying challenge and a source of major ideological division in US politics. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 22, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Harnessing the Electronic Health Record to Improve Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing
Approximately half of hospitalized adults in the US receive antibiotics, with pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI) being the 2 most frequent indications. Estimates suggest about 30% of all antibiotics prescribed in US hospitals are either unnecessary or suboptimal, and extended-spectrum antibiotic use is common. Unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to numerous harms, including drug-related adverse effects, increased risk of drug resistance, and higher costs. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia
This clinical trial examines the effect of an antibiotic stewardship bundle (education, feedback, and real-time multidrug-resistant organism risk-based CPOE prompts) vs routine stewardship on antibiotic selection during the first 3 hospital days in adults with pneumonia. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection
This clinical trial evaluates whether computerized provider order entry prompts providing patient- and pathogen-specific multidrug-resistant organism risk estimates could reduce use of empiric extended-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of urinary tract infections. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Study: Roughly 1 in 8 Patients Wrongly Diagnosed With Pneumonia
About 12% of patients were inappropriately diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), according to results from more than 17  000 hospitalized patients across 48 hospitals in Michigan. Older people as well as those with dementia or altered mental status were at particularly high risk of being inappropriately diagnosed, which the researchers defined as patients receiving antibiotics when they had fewer than 2 symptoms of pneumonia or negative chest x-ray results. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

People With Genetic Risk of Obesity Need More Exercise to Mitigate It
People with increased polygenic risk scores for higher body mass index (BMI) would need to walk about 2300 more steps each day to have the same risk of obesity as those with lower scores, a recent retrospective study in JAMA Network Open found. Polygenic risk scores reflect the risk of disease determined by many variants in a person ’s DNA. The results suggest that exercise recommendations that don’t take genetic predispositions for obesity into account might underestimate the amount of activity individuals might need to reduce their risk, the researchers noted. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Type of Prenatal Antiseizure Drug Matters for Children ’s Autism Risk
Children born to people who received valproate, an antiseizure medication, during pregnancy had about a 2.7 times higher chance of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 8 years than those born to people who were not treated with antiseizure medications prenatally, according to results from about 4.3 million US pregnancies and 4.2 million children. However, in utero exposure to topiramate and lamotrigine —other common antiseizure therapies—was not tied to autism risk after adjusting for the pregnant parent’s epilepsy. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - April 19, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research