Updates in Functional Movement Disorders: from Pathophysiology to Treatment Advances

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review discusses advances in functional movement disorders (FMD) over the past 3  years, with a focus on risk factors, diagnosis, pathophysiology, neuroimaging studies, and treatment.Recent FindingsThe past decade has brought a revived interest in functional movement disorders, with a growing number of studies exploring pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we review recent studies demonstrating changes in attention, emotional and sensorimotor function in FMD. Through international collaborative efforts, progress has been made in defining biomarkers and outcome measures, an important prerequisite towards standardization of diagnosis and reporting of outcomes in clinical trials. Of particular interest are neuroimaging studies demonstrating functional and structural changes in motor and emotional brain circuits, deepening our understanding of FMD as a neurocircuit disorder and potentially paving the way towards new treatments. Currently available treatment modalities have shown successful outcomes via outpatient, inpatient, and virtual delivery.SummaryThe last 3  years have seen tremendous efforts to better understand, diagnose, and treat FMD. The disease model has been broadened to include a biopsychosocial formulation, and insights on the pathophysiology on FMD are informing treatment efforts. Several international multidisciplinary research collaboratio ns are underway to define biomarkers and best outcome measures, highlighting the path toward...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research