Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 852: Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development —A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies

Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 852: Contribution of Human Retroviruses to Disease Development—A Focus on the HIV– and HERV–Cancer Relationships and Treatment Strategies Viruses doi: 10.3390/v12080852 Authors: Ching-Hsuan Liu Nicole Grandi Lalitha Palanivelu Enzo Tramontano Liang-Tzung Lin Animal retroviruses are known for their transforming potential, and this is also true for the ones hosted by humans, which have gathered expanding attention as one of the potent causative agents in various disease, including specific cancer types. For instance, Human T Lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a well-studied class of oncoviruses causing T cell leukemia, while human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is linked to a series of defining cancers including Kaposi sarcoma, certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. Of note, in addition to these “modern” exogenous retroviruses, our genome harbors a staggering number of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERVs are the genetic remnants of ancient retroviral germline infection of human ancestors and are typically silenced in normal tissues due to inactivating mutations and sequence loss. While some HERV elements have been appropriated and contribute to human physiological functions, others can be reactivated through epigenetic dysregulations to express retroviral elements and promote carcinogenesis. Conversely, HERV replication interm...
Source: Viruses - Category: Virology Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research