Cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis: association not always implies causality.

CONCLUSIONS: The results are inconsistent and a causal relationship between CVDS and endodontic disease cannot be stablished. The risk factors common to both diseases can act as confounding factors, biasing the results. To reach definitive conclusions about the type of association (causal or non-causal) between both diseases, longitudinal epidemiological studies must be carried out to establish the temporal relationship and the dose-response gradient. PMID: 32388515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal - Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal Source Type: research