Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 3593: Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters?

Molecules, Vol. 24, Pages 3593: Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules24193593 Authors: Yoko Yagishita Jed W. Fahey Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova Thomas W. Kensler There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop ...
Source: Molecules - Category: Chemistry Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research