Cardiotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

AbstractPurpose of reviewImmunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), are revolutionary cancer therapies being increasingly applied to a broader range of cancers. Our understanding of the mechanism, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiotoxicity related to immunotherapies remains limited. We aim to synthesize the limited current literature on cardiotoxicity of ICIs and to share our opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.Recent findingsThe incidence of ICI-associated myocarditis ranges from 0.1 to 1%. Patients with ICI-associated myocarditis often have a fulminant course with a case fatality rate of 25 –50%. The diagnosis of this condition poses many challenges because independently a normal electrocardiogram, biomarkers, or a preserved left ventricular function do not rule out ICI-associated myocarditis. Endomyocardial biopsy should be pursued when clinical suspicion remains despite normal non- invasive tests. Data on optimal screening and surveillance tools are lacking. Cessation of ICIs, combined with high dose corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant approaches are the cornerstones of the treatment of ICI-associated myocarditis. This condition may recur when patients are re-challenge d with these agents and the decision to resume ICIs should be made through a multidisciplinary discussion.SummaryImmunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Recognizing and managing cardiotoxicity related to ICIs is of ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine - Category: Cardiology Source Type: research