The pattern of non-AIDS-defining cancers in the HIV population: epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis. A review.

The pattern of non-AIDS-defining cancers in the HIV population: epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis. A review. Curr HIV Res. 2019 Mar 27;: Authors: Franzetti M, Ricci E, Bonfanti P Abstract The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are the co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, it is well known the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population...
Source: Current HIV Research - Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research