Gypenoside IX Suppresses p38 MAPK/Akt/NF κB Signaling Pathway Activation and Inflammatory Responses in Astrocytes Stimulated by Proinflammatory Mediators

AbstractGypenoside IX (GP IX) is a pure compound isolated fromPanax notoginseng. Gypenosides have been implicated to benefit the recovery of enormous neurological disorders. By suppressing the activation of astrocytes, gypenosides can improve the cognitive impairment. However, so far, little is known about whether GP IX could restrain the inflammatory responses in astrocytes or reactive astrogliosis. In present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of GP IX were investigated in reactive astrocytes induced by proinflammatory mediators bothin vitro andin vivo. GP IX significantly reduced the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at either protein or mRNA level in glial cell line C6 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TNF-α combination. It also alleviated the astrogliosis and decreased the production of inflammatory mediators in brain cortex of LPS-tre ated mice. Further study disclosed that GP IX inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and reduced its transcriptional activity. Meanwhile, GP IX significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of NFκB, inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), Akt, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) under inflammatory conditions bothin vitro andin vivo. These findings indicated that GP IX might suppress reactive astrogliosis by suppressing Akt/p38 MAPK/NF κB signaling pathways. And GP IX...
Source: Inflammation - Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research