Ascaridia galli infection in chicken: Pathobiology and immunological orchestra

Ascaridia galli is the most common helminth in chickens. It is more common in young chickens. The helminth induces huge economic losses in poultry. AbstractBackgroundAscaridia galli is the largest gut-dwelling helminth of chickens, which confers adverse effects on meat and egg production; thus, on the animal protein supply and the economy. Both adult and immature parasites affect gut health, but larval stages play a major role in pathology.AimsHere, we present immunology and pathology ofA. galli in chickens.Materials and MethodsLiteratures were surveyed through online platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Researchgate.ResultsThe larvae cause excessive mucus production, damage to the intestinal gland, hemorrhage, anemia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The adult worms can cause death by intestinal obstruction and intussusception. Although both cellular and humoral immunity are involved in fighting against ascariasis, the role of naturally acquired immunity is poorly defined. In cellular immunity, Th-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13), goblet cells (mucin), gut-associated lymphoid tissues, CD8 α+ intraepithelial cells, TCRγδ + T cells, and TGF-β4 form a protective band. Type 2 immunity provides protection by forming a network of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns, chitin, and parasitic antigens. Among antibodies, IgY is the most prominent in chickens and provides temporar y humoral protection. During parasitic infection, infiltration of various immune...
Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease - Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research