Do Electrical Stimulation Devices Reduce Pain and Improve Function? —A Comparative Review

ConclusionTen of 13 reviewed forms of ES have only limited quality evidence for clinically significant reduction of pain or improvement of function across different patient populations. NMES and FES have reasonably demonstrated effectiveness, albeit for specific clinical rehabilitation indications. HWDS was associated with the most clinically significant outcomes, in terms of functional improvement combined with reduction of pain and medication use. More rigorous long-term clinical trials are needed to further validate appropriate use and specific indications for most forms of ES.Level of EvidenceII.
Source: Pain and Therapy - Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research