Recent advances in cholinergic mechanisms as reactions to toxicity, stress, and neuroimmune insults

We reviewed the current advances in our understanding of the effects of a variety of stressors in order to connect acute poisoning with organophosphates, neurotoxicity, changes in microRNAs, and transfer RNA fragments with cholinergic signaling dysfunction. We highlighted recent studies of the chemical and molecular regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling and the complexity of the mechanisms controlling cholinergic functioning in health and disease. AbstractThis review presents recent studies of the chemical and molecular regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling and the complexity of the small molecule and RNA regulators of those mechanisms that control cholinergic functioning in health and disease. The underlying structural, neurochemical, and transcriptomic concepts, including basic and translational research and clinical studies, shed new light on how these processes inter-change under acute states, age, sex, and COVID-19 infection; all of which modulate ACh-mediated processes and inflammation in women and men and under diverse stresses. The aspect of organophosphorus (OP) compound toxicity is discussed based on the view that despite numerous studies, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is still a vulnerable target in OP poisoning because of a lack of efficient treatment and the limitations of oxime-assisted reactivation of inhibited AChE. The over-arching purpose of this review is thus to discuss mechanisms of cholinergic signaling dysfunction caused by OP pesticides, OP n...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research