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Extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo in ischaemic stroke
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PMID:35421904 | DOI:10.1113/JP282050
Source: The Journal of Physiology - April 14, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Josie L Fullerton Caitlin C Cosgrove Rebecca A Rooney Lorraine M Work Source Type: research

Tackling Ischemic Reperfusion Injury With the Aid of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering
Ischemia is a severe condition in which blood supply, including oxygen (O), to organs and tissues is interrupted and reduced. This is usually due to a clog or blockage in the arteries that feed the affected organ. Reinstatement of blood flow is essential to salvage ischemic tissues, restoring O, and nutrient supply. However, reperfusion itself may lead to major adverse consequences. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is often prompted by the local and systemic inflammatory reaction, as well as oxidative stress, and contributes to organ and tissue damage. In addition, the duration and consecutive ischemia-reperfusion cycles are re...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 17, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sanhua Decoction, a Classic Herbal Prescription, Exerts Neuroprotection Through Regulating Phosphorylated Tau Level and Promoting Adult Endogenous Neurogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Conclusions: SHD exerts neuroprotection probably by regulating p-tau level and promoting the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells, accompanying with neurobehavioral recovery.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 10, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploring novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Attenuates the Exercise-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Response in Healthy, Young Men
Conclusion In summary, this is the first study to show that BFR exercise did not augment EPC response to exercise, and in fact blunted the EPC response to low load unilateral KE exercise in young, healthy males. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. The study was ethically approved by Edinburgh Napier University Research and Ethics Governance Committee. All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Author Contributions MR, RM, AP, CW, GF-J designed the s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Repeated Changes to the Gravitational Field Negatively Affect the Serum Concentration of Select Growth Factors and Cytokines
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Register-Number 5158–14). Author Contributions US, FS, LG, and AK performed the experiments. US and TR analyzed the data, created the figures, and drafted the manuscript. TW, FS, and NB designed the study. All authors revised the manuscript and approved its fina...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery via a Novel Cardiac Bioscaffold on Right Ventricles of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertensive Rats.
In this study, we hypothesize that local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery via a novel bioscaffold can improve RV function despite persistent PAH. To test our hypothesis, we induced PAH in adult rats with SU5416 and chronic hypoxia exposure, treated with rat MSCs delivered by intravenous injection, intramyocardial injection or epicardial placement of a bioscaffold, and then examined treatment effectiveness by in vivo pressure-volume measurement, echocardiography, histology and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that compared to other treatment groups, only the MSC-seeded bioscaffold group resulted in RV functional...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - February 28, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Schmuck EG, Hacker TA, Schreier DA, Chesler N, Wang Z Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Therapeutic angiogenesis of exosomes for ischemic stroke.
Authors: Manuel GE, Johnson T, Liu D Abstract Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed, while therapeutic angiogenesis aims to promote and control the angiogenic response. Ischemia results from the lack of blood flow with oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutic angiogenesis is crucial in preserving brain tissue and bodily functions after ischemic stroke. Various approaches have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in ischemic diseases. Traditional protein/gene and subsequent stem/progenitor cell approaches have not shown consistent efficacy for ischemic diseases in clinical trials. Exosomes...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - January 21, 2018 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Additive Neuroprotective Effect of Borneol with Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Xiao-Guang Zhang, Chang Shan, Jia-Zhen Zhu, Xiao-Yi Bao, Qiang Tong, Xi-Fan Wu, Xiao-Chen Tang, Ting Xue, Jie Liu, Guo-Qing Zheng, Yan Wang
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 17, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Inhibition of the Rho signaling pathway improves neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation of mouse neural stem cells.
Authors: Gu H, Yu SP, Gutekunst CA, Gross RE, Wei L Abstract Neurons in the adult mammalian CNS do not spontaneously regenerate axons after injury due to CNS myelin and other inhibitory factors. Previous studies have showed that inhibition of the Rho-ROCK pathway promotes axonal outgrowth in primary neurons or in spinal cord injury models. Furthermore, RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase has a potential effect to induce neural differentiation in primary cultured neurons and cell lines. As stem cells and stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells have emerged as a regenerative medicine for stroke, Parkinson's disease and o...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - November 16, 2014 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research