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Specialty: Internal Medicine
Source: PLoS Medicine
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Total 74 results found since Jan 2013.
Cardiometabolic disease costs associated with suboptimal diet in the United States: A cost analysis based on a microsimulation model
ConclusionsSuboptimal diet of 10 dietary factors accounts for 18.2% of all ischemic heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes costs in the US, highlighting that timely implementation of diet policies could address these health and economic burdens.
Source: PLoS Medicine - December 16, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Thiago Veiga Jardim Source Type: research
Characterization of Parkinson ’s disease using blood-based biomarkers: A multicohort proteomic analysis
ConclusionsIn this study, we found that the blood-based biomarkers BSP, OMD, ACY1, and GHR robustly associated with PD across multiple clinical sites. Our findings suggest that biomarkers based on a peripheral blood sample may be developed for both disease characterization and prediction of future disease progression in PD.
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 10, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marijan Posavi Source Type: research
Estimated stroke risk, yield, and number needed to screen for atrial fibrillation detected through single time screening: a multicountry patient-level meta-analysis of 141,220 screened individuals
by Nicole Lowres, Jake Olivier, Tze-Fan Chao, Shih-Ann Chen, Yi Chen, Axel Diederichsen, David A. Fitzmaurice, Juan Jose Gomez-Doblas, Joseph Harbison, Jeff S. Healey, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Femke Kaasenbrood, William Keen, Vivian W. Lee, Jes S. Lindholt, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Georges H. Mairesse, Jonathan Mant, Julie W. Martin, Enrique Mart ín-Rioboó, David D. McManus, Javier Muñiz, Thomas Münzel, Juliet Nakamya, Lis Neubeck, Jessica J. Orchard, Luis Ángel Pérula de Torres, Marco Proietti, F. Russell Quinn, Andrea K. Roalfe, Roopinder K. Sandhu, Renate B. Schnabel, Breda Smyth, Apurv Soni, Robert Tieleman, Jiguang Wang, ...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 24, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nicole Lowres Source Type: research
Variation of all-cause and cause-specific mortality with body mass index in one million Swedish parent-son pairs: An instrumental variable analysis
ConclusionsConsistent with previous large-scale meta-analyses and reviews, results supported the causal role of higher BMI in increasing the risk of several common causes of death, including cancers with increasing global incidence. We also found positive effects of BMI on mortality from respiratory disease, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, which has been inconsistently reported in the literature, suggesting that the causal role of higher BMI in mortality from these diseases may be underestimated. Furthermore, we expect different patterns of bias in the current observational and IV analyses; therefore, the similarities be...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 8, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Kaitlin H. Wade Source Type: research
Determinants of cognitive performance and decline in 20 diverse ethno-regional groups: A COSMIC collaboration cohort study
This study investigated associations between risk factors and late-life cognitive decline on a global scale, including comparisons between ethno-regional groups. Methods and findingsWe harmonized longitudinal data from 20 population-based cohorts from 15 countries over 5 continents, including 48,522 individuals (58.4% women) aged 54 –105 (mean = 72.7) years and without dementia at baseline. Studies had 2–15 years of follow-up. The risk factors investigated were age, sex, education, alcohol consumption, anxiety, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE*4) status, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure and pulse pressure, body mas...
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 22, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Darren M. Lipnicki Source Type: research
Incidence of eclampsia and related complications across 10 low- and middle-resource geographical regions: Secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial
ConclusionsThe large variation in eclampsia and maternal and neonatal fatality from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy between countries emphasises that inequality and inequity persist in healthcare for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Alongside the growing interest in improving community detection and health education for these disorders, efforts to improve quality of care within healthcare facilities are key. Strategies to prevent eclampsia should be informed by local data. Trial registrationISRCTN: 41244132.
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 28, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Nicola Vousden Source Type: research
Lifetime risk and multimorbidity of non-communicable diseases and disease-free life expectancy in the general population: A population-based cohort study
ConclusionsOur study suggests that in this western European community, 9 out of 10 individuals aged 45 years and older develop an NCD during their remaining lifetime. Among those individuals who develop an NCD, at least a third are subsequently diagnosed with multiple NCDs. Absence of 3 common shared risk factors is associated with compression of morbidity of NCDs. These findings underscore the importance of avoidance of these common shared risk factors to reduce the premature morbidity and mortality attributable to NCDs.
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 4, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Silvan Licher Source Type: research
Association between temperature variability and daily hospital admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease in urban China: A national time-series study
ConclusionsOur findings suggested that short-term temperature variability exposure could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which may provide new insights into the health effects of climate change.
Source: PLoS Medicine - January 28, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yaohua Tian Source Type: research
Long-term trends in incidence and risk factors for ischaemic stroke subtypes: Prospective population study of the South London Stroke Register
by Hatem A. Wafa, Charles D. A. Wolfe, Anthony Rudd, Yanzhong Wang
BackgroundAs the average life expectancy increases, more people are predicted to have strokes. Recent studies have shown an increasing incidence in certain types of cerebral infarction. We aimed to estimate time trends in incidence, prior risk factors, and use of preventive treatments for ischaemic stroke (IS) aetiological subtypes and to ascertain any demographic disparities. Methods and findingsPopulation-based data from the South London Stroke Register (SLSR) between 2000 and 2015 were studied. IS was classified, based on the underlying mechanism, into l...
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 5, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Hatem A. Wafa Source Type: research
Association between ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for ischemic stroke: A nationwide time-series analysis
We examined the associations between air pollution and daily ischemic stroke admission using a two-stage method. Poisson time-series regression models were firs tly fitted to estimate the effects of air pollution in each city. Random-effects meta-analyses were then conducted to combine the estimates. Meta-regression models were applied to explore potential effect modifiers. More than 2 million hospital admissions for ischemic stroke were identified in 172 c ities in China. In single-pollutant models, increases of 10 μg/m3 in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 4, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Yaohua Tian Source Type: research
Nilvadipine in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomised controlled trial
This study reports the findings of the first large-scale Phase III investigator-driven clinical trial to slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease with a dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine. Nilvadipine, licensed to treat hypertension, reduces amyloid production, increases regional cerebral blood flow, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-tau activity in preclinical studies, properties that could have disease-modifying effects for Alzheimer disease. We aimed to determine if nilvadipine was effective in slowing cognitive decline in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer dise...
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 24, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Brian Lawlor Source Type: research
Type 2 diabetes genetic loci informed by multi-trait associations point to disease mechanisms and subtypes: A soft clustering analysis
ConclusionOur approach identifies salient T2D genetically anchored and physiologically informed pathways, and supports the use of genetics to deconstruct T2D heterogeneity. Classification of patients by these genetic pathways may offer a step toward genetically informed T2D patient management.
Source: PLoS Medicine - September 21, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Miriam S. Udler Source Type: research
Metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study
by Ga Eun Nam, Seon Mee Kim, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim, Hye Soo Chung, Jin Wook Kim, Byoungduck Han, Sung Jung Cho, Ji Hee Yu, Yong Gyu Park, Kyung Mook Choi
BackgroundThe association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the development of Parkinson disease (PD) is currently unclear. We sought to determine whether MetS and its components are associated with the risk of incident PD using large-scale cohort data for the whole South Korean population. Methods and findingsHealth checkup data of 17,163,560 individuals aged ≥40 years provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of South Korea between January 1, 2009, a...
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 21, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ga Eun Nam Source Type: research
Mortality attributable to hot and cold ambient temperatures in India: a nationally representative case-crossover study
ConclusionsPublic health interventions to mitigate temperature effects need to focus not only on extremely hot temperatures but also moderately cold temperatures. Future absolute totals of temperature-related deaths are likely to depend on the large absolute numbers of people exposed to both extremely hot and moderately cold temperatures. Similar large-scale and nationally representative studies are required in other low- and middle-income countries to better understand the impact of future temperature changes on cause-specific mortality.
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 24, 2018 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sze Hang Fu Source Type: research
