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The Association between Sulfonylurea Use and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Conclusions Sulfonylureas are not associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Current evidence supports the safety of sulfonylureas; an absolute risk of 0.5% could be firmly discarded. Review registration PROSPERO CRD42014004330
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 11, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dimitris Varvaki Rados Source Type: research

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Renin–Angiotensin System Blockade in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analyses
Conclusions In adults with diabetes, comparisons of different RAS blockers showed similar effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on major cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Compared with monotherapies, the combination of an ACE inhibitor and an ARB failed to provide significant benefits on major outcomes. Clinicians should discuss the balance between benefits, costs, and potential harms with individual diabetes patients before starting treatment. Review registration PROSPERO CRD42014014404
Source: PLoS Medicine - March 8, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ferrán Catalá-López Source Type: research

Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Study of Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Clinical Care
Conclusions Bariatric surgery as delivered in the UK healthcare system is associated with dramatic weight loss, sustained at least 4 y after surgery. This weight loss is accompanied by substantial improvements in pre-existing T2DM and hypertension, as well as a reduced risk of incident T2DM, hypertension, angina, MI, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Widening the availability of bariatric surgery could lead to substantial health benefits for many people who are morbidly obese.
Source: PLoS Medicine - December 22, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ian J. Douglas et al. Source Type: research

Acute Cardiovascular Events after Herpes Zoster: A Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Older Residents of the United States
Conclusions Stroke and MI rates are transiently increased after exposure to herpes zoster. We found no evidence for a role of zoster vaccination in these associations. These findings enhance our understanding of the temporality and magnitude of the association between zoster and acute cardiovascular events.
Source: PLoS Medicine - December 15, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Caroline Minassian et al. Source Type: research

The Cost-Effectiveness of Low-Cost Essential Antihypertensive Medicines for Hypertension Control in China: A Modelling Study
Conclusions Expanded hypertension treatment has the potential to prevent about 800,000 cardiovascular disease events annually and be borderline cost-effective in China, provided low-cost essential antihypertensive medicines programs can be implemented.
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 4, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Dongfeng Gu et al. Source Type: research

The Causal Effect of Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP) Levels on Calcemic and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Conclusions DBP has no demonstrable causal effect on any of the diseases or traits investigated here, except 25OHD levels. It remains to be determined whether 25OHD has a causal effect on these outcomes independent of DBP.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - October 28, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Aaron Leong et al. Source Type: research

Associations between Stroke Mortality and Weekend Working by Stroke Specialist Physicians and Registered Nurses: Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study
Conclusions Mortality outcomes after stroke are associated with the intensity of weekend staffing by registered nurses but not 7-d/wk ward rounds by stroke specialist physicians. The findings have implications for quality improvement and resource allocation in stroke care.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - August 19, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Benjamin D. Bray et al. Source Type: research

Association between Class III Obesity (BMI of 40–59 kg/m2) and Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies
Conclusions Class III obesity is associated with substantially elevated rates of total mortality, with most of the excess deaths due to heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and major reductions in life expectancy compared with normal weight.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 8, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Cari M. Kitahara et al. Source Type: research

Modifiable Etiological Factors and the Burden of Stroke from the Rotterdam Study: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Conclusions About half of all strokes are attributable to established causal and modifiable factors. This finding encourages not only intervention on established etiological factors, but also further study of less well established factors.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 29, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Michiel J. Bos et al. Source Type: research

What We Know and What We Don't Know About Preventing Stroke
by Druin Burch, the PLOS Medicine Editors
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 29, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Druin Burch Source Type: research

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: A Decade-Long Historical Cohort Study
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OSA-related variables and risk of CV events. Methods and Findings A historical cohort study was conducted using clinical database and health administrative data. Adults referred for suspected OSA who underwent diagnostic polysomnography at the sleep laboratory at St Michael's Hospital (Toronto, Canada) between 1994 and 2010 were followed through provincial health administrative data (Ontario, Canada) until May 2011 to examine the occurrence of a composite outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, revascularization procedures, or de...
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 4, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tetyana Kendzerska et al. Source Type: research

The Effect of Tobacco Control Measures during a Period of Rising Cardiovascular Disease Risk in India: A Mathematical Model of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
Conclusions Smoke-free laws and substantially increased tobacco taxation appear to be markedly potent population measures to avert future cardiovascular deaths in India. Despite the rise in co-morbid cardiovascular disease risk factors like hyperlipidemia and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries, tobacco control is likely to remain a highly effective strategy to reduce cardiovascular deaths.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - July 9, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Sanjay Basu et al. Source Type: research

Uncovering Treatment Burden as a Key Concept for Stroke Care: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research
Conclusions Stroke management is extremely demanding for patients, and treatment burden is influenced by micro and macro organisation of health services. Knowledge deficits mean patients are ill equipped to organise their care and develop coping strategies, making adherence less likely. There is a need to transform the approach to care provision so that services are configured to prioritise patient needs rather than those of health care systems. Systematic Review Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42011001123Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 25, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Katie Gallacher et al. Source Type: research

Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs That Elevate Cardiovascular Risk: An Examination of Sales and Essential Medicines Lists in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
Conclusions Listing of NSAIDs on national EMLs should take account of cardiovascular risk, with preference given to low risk drugs. Diclofenac has a risk very similar to rofecoxib, which was withdrawn from worldwide markets owing to cardiovascular toxicity. Diclofenac should be removed from EMLs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: PLoS Medicine - February 12, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Patricia McGettigan et al. Source Type: research

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