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Statin Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Models: A Meta-Analysis
AbstractStatins, drugs known for lipid lowering capabilities and reduction of cardiovascular disease, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects following ischemic stroke in retrospective clinical and animal studies. However, dosing (methods, time, type of statin, and quantity) varies across studies, limiting the clinical applicability of these findings. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of statins in edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is needed to provide insight on diverse, less explored neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we conduct a meta-analysis of publications evaluating statin administration ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Statins in Ischemic Stroke Prevention: What Have We Learned in the Post-SPARCL (The Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels) Decade?
We describe the current status of lipid-lowering therapies for ischemic stroke prevention. The SPARCL trial published in 2006 has been a landmark study in vascular neurology. The trial demonstrated that high-dose atorvastatin prevents recurrent stroke, and led the AHA/ASA to recommend statin therapy for patients with stroke or TIA of atherosclerotic origin.Recent findingsRecently, the J-STARS study demonstrated that therapy with low-dose pravastatin reduced atherothrombotic infarction incidence among patients with prior ischemic stroke. Besides, several trials have shown improved stroke outcomes with non-statin lipid-lower...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mortality and Associated Morbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Medicare Statin Users
Conclusion: These findings provide valuable information for clinicians treating older adults with TBI as clinicians can consider, when appropriate, atorvastatin and simvastatin to older adults with TBI in order to decrease mortality and associated morbidities.
Source: The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation - November 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Focus on Clinical Research and Practice Source Type: research

Desirable Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels for Preventing Stroke Recurrence Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—The composite risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack reduced in the postrandomized LDL cholesterol level of 80 to 100 mg/dL after adjusting for statin usage.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00221104.
Source: Stroke - March 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Naohisa Hosomi, Kazuo Kitagawa, Yoji Nagai, Yoko Nakagawa, Shiro Aoki, Tomohisa Nezu, Tatsuo Kagimura, Hirofumi Maruyama, Hideki Origasa, Kazuo Minematsu, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Masayasu Matsumoto Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Secondary Prevention, Treatment Original Contributions Source Type: research

Long-Term Effect of Pravastatin on Carotid Intima-Media Complex Thickness Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—The usual Japanese dose of pravastatin significantly reduced the progression of carotid IMT at 5 years in patients with noncardioembolic stroke.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00361530.
Source: Stroke - December 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Masatoshi Koga, Kazunori Toyoda, Kazuo Minematsu, Masahiro Yasaka, Yoji Nagai, Shiro Aoki, Tomohisa Nezu, Naohisa Hosomi, Tatsuo Kagimura, Hideki Origasa, Kenji Kamiyama, Rieko Suzuki, Toshiho Ohtsuki, Hirofumi Maruyama, Kazuo Kitagawa, Shinichiro Uchiyam Tags: Risk Factors, Secondary Prevention, Ultrasound, Atherosclerosis Original Contributions Source Type: research

The Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent Stroke (J-STARS) Echo Study: Rationale and Trial Protocol
The preventive effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) on progression of carotid intima-media complex thickness (IMT) has been shown exclusively in nonstroke Western patients. The Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent Stroke (J-STARS) Echo Study aims to determine the effect of pravastatin on carotid IMT in Japanese patients with hyperlipidemia who developed noncardioembolic ischemic stroke.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kazunori Toyoda, Kazuo Minematsu, Masahiro Yasaka, Yoji Nagai, Naohisa Hosomi, Hideki Origasa, Kazuo Kitagawa, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Masatoshi Koga, Masayasu Matsumoto, J-STARS Investigators Source Type: research

10-Second heart rate variability and cognitive function in old age
Conclusions: Participants with lower 10-second HRV have worse performance in reaction time and processing speed and experience steeper decline in their processing speed, independent of medications, cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidities.
Source: Neurology - March 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Mahinrad, S., Jukema, J. W., van Heemst, D., Macfarlane, P. W., Clark, E. N., de Craen, A. J. M., Sabayan, B. Tags: All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, All Cognitive Disorders/Dementia, All epidemiology ARTICLE Source Type: research

Executive function, but not memory, associates with incident coronary heart disease and stroke
Conclusion: Lower executive function, but not memory, is associated with higher risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Lower executive function, as an independent risk indicator, might better reflect brain vascular pathologies.
Source: Neurology - August 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Rostamian, S., van Buchem, M. A., Westendorp, R. G. J., Jukema, J. W., Mooijaart, S. P., Sabayan, B., de Craen, A. J. M. Tags: All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Cardiac, Cognitive aging, Cohort studies, Risk factors in epidemiology ARTICLE Source Type: research

Infratentorial Microbleeds: Another Sign of Microangiopathy in Migraine Brief Reports
Conclusions— Migraine, notably without aura, is associated with infratentorial CMBs at older age. CMBs and infarcts co-occur more often in migraine than in controls. This supports the hypothesis of small-vessel involvement in migraine pathophysiology.
Source: Stroke - June 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Arkink, E. B., Terwindt, G. M., de Craen, A. J. M., Konishi, J., van der Grond, J., van Buchem, M. A., Ferrari, M. D., Kruit, M. C., on behalf of the PROSPER Study Group Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Factors for Stroke Brief Reports Source Type: research

Pravastatin acute neuroprotective effects depend on Blood brain barrier integrity in experimental cerebral ischemia.
Abstract Statins have since long been reported to exert acute neuroprotection in experimental stroke models. However, crucial questions still need to be addressed as far as the timing of their cerebral effects after intravascular administration and the role played by the blood brain barrier (BBB) crossing properties. We tested the effects of an hydrophilic statin (pravastatin, 100nM), which poorly crosses BBB under physiological conditions. Pravastatin was administered either 90min before or immediately after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain preparation. A multi-...
Source: Brain Research - April 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Carone D, Librizzi L, Cattalini A, Sala G, Conti E, Cuccione E, Versace A, Cai R, Monza L, de Curtis M, Ferraresea C, Beretta S Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Extravascular Optical Coherence Tomography: Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Pravastatin Therapy Basic Sciences
Conclusions— OCT imaging offers the potential for real-time, detailed vessel lumen evaluation, potentially improving surgical accuracy and outcomes during cerebrovascular neurosurgical procedures. Pravastatin significantly increases vessel lumen patency in the ApoE–/– mouse on HFD.
Source: Stroke - March 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Wicks, R. T., Huang, Y., Zhang, K., Zhao, M., Tyler, B. M., Suk, I., Hwang, L., Ruzevick, J., Jallo, G., Brem, H., Pradilla, G., Kang, J. U. Tags: Imaging, Coronary imaging: angiography/ultrasound/Doppler/CC, Other diagnostic testing, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Total cerebral blood flow and mortality in old age: A 12-year follow-up study
Conclusions: Low total CBF is linked with higher risk of all-cause, noncardiovascular, and cardiovascular mortality in older people independent of clinical cardiovascular status.
Source: Neurology - November 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sabayan, B., van der Grond, J., Westendorp, R. G., Jukema, J. W., Ford, I., Buckley, B. M., Sattar, N., van Osch, M. J. P., van Buchem, M. A., de Craen, A. J. M. Tags: MRI, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Cohort studies ARTICLE Source Type: research

Rationale, design, and baseline features of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of statin for the secondary prevention of stroke: the Japan Statin Treatment Against Recurrent Stroke (J‐STARS)
ConclusionThis article reports the rationale, design, and baseline features of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of statin for the secondary prevention of stroke. Follow‐ups of patients are in progress and will end in 2014.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - September 9, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoji Nagai, Tatsuo Kohriyama, Hideki Origasa, Kazuo Minematsu, Chiaki Yokota, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Setsuro Ibayashi, Yasuo Terayama, Makoto Takagi, Kazuo Kitagawa, Eiichi Nomura, Naohisa Hosomi, Toshiho Ohtsuki, Takemori Yamawaki, Yoshihiro Matsubara, Mas Tags: Research Source Type: research