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Attention-Based UNet Deep Learning Model for Plaque Segmentation in Carotid Ultrasound for Stroke Risk Stratification: An Artificial Intelligence Paradigm
This study proposes an attention-channel-based UNet deep learning (DL) model that identifies the carotid plaques in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) images. Our experiments consist of 970 ICA images from the UK, 379 CCA images from diabetic Japanese patients, and 300 CCA images from post-menopausal women from Hong Kong. We combined both CCA images to form an integrated database of 679 images. A rotation transformation technique was applied to 679 CCA images, doubling the database for the experiments. The cross-validation K5 (80% training: 20% testing) protocol was applied for accuracy deter...
Source: Atherosclerosis - October 26, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pankaj K Jain Abhishek Dubey Luca Saba Narender N Khanna John R Laird Andrew Nicolaides Mostafa M Fouda Jasjit S Suri Neeraj Sharma Source Type: research

Severe paraneoplastic hypoglycemia secondary to a gastrointestinal stromal tumour masquerading as a stroke.
We report the case of a 70-year-old previously healthy female who presented acutely to the Accident and Emergency department with left-sided vasomotor symptoms including reduced muscle tone, weakness upon walking and slurred speech. Physical examination confirmed hemiparesis with VIIth nerve palsy and profound hepatomegaly. A random glucose was low at 1.7 mmol/l, which upon correction resolved her symptoms. In hindsight, the patient recalled having had similar episodes periodically over the past 3 months to which she did not give much attention. While hospitalized, she continued having episodes of symptomatic hypoglycaem...
Source: Diabetes Metab - November 7, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dimitriadis GK, Gopalakrishnan K, Rao R, Grammatopoulos DK, Randeva HS, Weickert MO, Murthy N Tags: Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep Source Type: research

Deep learning fully convolution network for lumen characterization in diabetic patients using carotid ultrasound: a tool for stroke risk
AbstractManual ultrasound (US)-based methods are adapted for lumen diameter (LD) measurement to estimate the risk of stroke but they are tedious, error prone, and subjective causing variability. We propose an automated deep learning (DL)-based system for lumen detection. The system consists of a combination of two DL systems: encoder and decoder for lumen segmentation. The encoder employs a 13-layer convolution neural network model (CNN) for rich feature extraction. The decoder employs three up-sample layers of fully convolution network (FCN) for lumen segmentation. Three sets of manual tracings were used during the traini...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - January 26, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Glutamate Transport and Preterm Brain Injury
Silvia Pregnolato1*, Elavazhagan Chakkarapani1, Anthony R. Isles2 and Karen Luyt1 1Department of Neonatal Neurology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom 2Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of child death worldwide and a top global health priority. Among the survivors, the risk of life-long disabilities is high, including cerebral palsy and impairment of movement, cognition, and beh...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

What is the Remission Rate for Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Children?
Discussion The thyroid gland secrets two hormones – T4 which is a prohormone and T3 which is the biologically active hormone. Receptors for T3 are found in nearly all body tissues. T3 regulates metabolism and energy production. Organs most affected are the heart, liver and central nervous system as well as growth of the fetus and child. Hyperthyroidism is common with a prevalence rate of about 1-2% for women and 0.2% for men. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Grave’s disease where autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) exist. These autoantibodies attach to thyroid tissue TSH receptors and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 26, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Age Well with Smart HealthTech
America is going gray. According to U.S. Census data, in 2030 even the youngest Baby Boomers will have reached 65, and older Americans will make up 21 percent of the population. That’s up from 15 percent today. By 2060, nearly a quarter of Americans will be at least 65 and a half million will reach age 100. These changing demographics give urgency to the concept of “aging in place.” Nobody wants to lose their independence, but that’s the reality for many who are forced from their homes by cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes or other chron...
Source: MDDI - August 19, 2019 Category: Medical Devices Authors: Stephanie Van Ness Tags: Digital Health Source Type: news

Cardiovascular disease detection using machine learning and carotid/femoral arterial imaging frameworks in rheumatoid arthritis patients
AbstractThe study proposes a novel machine learning (ML) paradigm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection in individuals at medium to high cardiovascular risk using data from a Greek cohort of 542 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, or diabetes mellitus, and/or arterial hypertension, using conventional or office-based, laboratory-based blood biomarkers and carotid/femoral ultrasound image-based phenotypes. Two kinds of data (CVD risk factors and presence of CVD —defined as stroke, or myocardial infarction, or coronary artery syndrome, or peripheral artery disease, or coronary heart disease) as ground truth, were co...
Source: Rheumatology International - January 11, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Rationale and design of the Brazilian Diabetes Study: a prospective cohort of type 2 diabetes
CONCLUSION: The BDS will be the first large population-based cohort dedicated to the identification of clinical phenotypes of T2D at higher risk of cardiovascular events. Data derived from this study will provide valuable information on risk estimation and prevention of cardiovascular and other diabetes-related events.PMID:35174749 | DOI:10.1080/03007995.2022.2043658
Source: Atherosclerosis - February 17, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: Joaquim Barreto Vaneza Wolf Isabella Bonilha Beatriz Luchiari Marcus Lima Alessandra Oliveira Sofia Vitte Gabriela Machado Jessica Cunha Cynthia Borges Daniel Munhoz Vicente Fernandes Sheila Tatsumi Kimura-Medorima Ikaro Breder Marta Duran Fernandez Thiag Source Type: research