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Replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women
CONCLUSIONS: When compared to regular salt, LSSS probably reduce blood pressure, non-fatal cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality slightly in adults. However, LSSS also probably increase blood potassium slightly in adults. These small effects may be important when LSSS interventions are implemented at the population level. Evidence is limited for adults without elevated blood pressure, and there is a lack of evidence in pregnant women and people in whom an increased potassium intake is known to be potentially harmful, limiting conclusions on the safety of LSSS in the general population. We also cannot draw firm...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 9, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Amanda Brand Marianne E Visser Anel Schoonees Celeste E Naude Source Type: research

Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses
Salt seems to get the most press, but potassium is an important player in the prevention of vascular disease. This systematic review of 22 RCTs and 11 cohort studies shows that systolic blood pressure was reduced by 7.16 (1.91 to 12.41) mm Hg when the potassium intake was 90-120 mmol/day, without any dose response. Furthermore, there was a 24% lower risk of stroke. The results suggest that patients without impaired renal excretion of potassium would potentially see the most benefit with respect to hypertension and stroke prevention with increased potassium intake. : Effect of lower sodium intake on health: systematic revi...
Source: Nephrology Now - July 15, 2013 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nephrology Now editors Tags: General Nephrology Hypertension Source Type: research

Dietary potassium: A key mediator of the cardiovascular response to dietary sodium chloride
Abstract: Potassium and sodium share a yin/yang relationship in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). BP is directly associated with the total body sodium and negatively correlated with the total body potassium. Epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical studies have shown that potassium is a significant regulator of BP and further improves cardiovascular outcomes. Hypertensive cardiovascular damage, stroke, and stroke-related death are accelerated by salt intake but might be curbed by increasing dietary potassium intake. The antihypertensive effect of potassium supplementation appears to occur through several mechanisms t...
Source: Journal of the American Society of Hypertension - June 3, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mehmet Kanbay, Yeter Bayram, Yalcin Solak, Paul W. Sanders Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

This diet advice could kill you
The American Heart Association says sodium in salt raises blood pressure. They say it increases the risk for heart disease and stroke.  But the latest science says otherwise… A British review of 34 clinical trials showed that cutting down on salt reduced blood pressure only slightly for people with hypertension.1  And a new study in The Lancet found that some low-salt diets could put you at GREATER risk of heart disease and death.2 Researchers analyzed data from 133,118 people. They wanted to see if there was a link between high sodium and heart attack, stroke and death The results were startling. People on “he...
Source: Al Sears, MD Natural Remedies - October 5, 2017 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Randall Hall Tags: Health Heart Health Men's Health Nutrition Women's Health Source Type: news

Cardiovascular risk in primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study aimed to evaluate whether the increased cardiovascular risk and the incidence of cerebrovascular (CCV) events in hypertensive patients were related to primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: The PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to evaluate the risk of CCV in PA patients and compared to essential hypertension (EH) patients. The mean differences (MD) and the risk ratios (RR) were calculated to assess the risk of main outcomes, such as stroke, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pres...
Source: Medicine - June 1, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Source Type: research

Registration of amiloride in South Africa: Cutting the Gordian knot.
Authors: Rayner BL, Spence JD, Bryer A, Mpe MT Abstract Amiloride is an antagonist of the renal tubular epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). As such, it is a diuretic that is both potassium and magnesium sparing. It is used for the treatment of potassium depletion and hypertension, and is the specific therapy for hypertension due to overactivity of the ENaC (Liddle syndrome and several additional genetic causes of the Liddle phenotype - low renin and low aldosterone). It is listed as a World Health Organization essential drug, but has never been registered in South Africa (SA) and can therefore only be prescribed unde...
Source: South African Medical Journal - October 24, 2019 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Salt Substitute Cut Disease and Death Rates in Large Trial
A randomized trial recently reported in the New England Journal of Medicine focused on an important question for older adults with high blood pressure or a previous stroke: Can switching from regular salt to a 75% sodium chloride and 25% potassium chloride substitute help protect against stroke, major cardiovascular events, or death?
Source: JAMA - October 26, 2021 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Grading of Japanese Diet Intakes by 24-Hour Urine Analysis of Taurine and Soy Isoflavones in Relation to Cardiovascular Risks
In conclusion, the higher the J score, which corresponds to Japanese dietary habits, the lower the BMI and cholesterol levels, as well as mortality rate from coronary heart disease, but the higher the average life expectancy among the Japanese. However, these higher J scorings were associated with high-salt intake and high Na/K ratios; therefore, they contributed to high blood pressure and high mortality rate caused by stroke in Japan. These results indicate that low-salt intake should be recommended to the Japanese who are consuming seafood and soy regularly in order to maintain lower blood pressure and to extend healthy ...
Source: Adv Data - July 26, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Mari Mori Miki Sagara Hideki Mori Yukio Yamori Source Type: research

Less Sodium, More Potassium, or Both: Population-wide Strategies to Prevent Hypertension
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2023 Jun 1. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00007.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHypertension is among the most prevalent medical conditions globally and a major contributor to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and death. Prevention through non-pharmacologic, population-level interventions is critically needed to halt this worldwide epidemic. However, there are ongoing debates as to where public policy efforts should focus. Recently the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study demonstrated the efficacy of substituting table salt with potassium salt to reduce the risk of stroke, major cardiovasc...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - June 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Voravech Nissaisorakarn George Ormseth William Earle Martha Catalina Morales-Alvarez Swapnil Hiremath Stephen P Juraschek Source Type: research

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