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Paradoxical Association of Smoking With In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Admitted With Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke
Conclusions Similar to myocardial ischemia, smoking was independently associated with lower inpatient mortality in acute ischemic stroke. This effect may be due to tobacco-induced changes in cerebrovascular vasoreactivity, or may be due in part to residual confounding. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to confirm the finding and the effect on 30-day and 1-year mortality.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - June 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ali, S. F., Smith, E. E., Bhatt, D. L., Fonarow, G. C., Schwamm, L. H. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Post-Glucose Load Measures of Insulin Resistance and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke Stroke
This study aimed to estimate the association between post–glucose load measures of insulin resistance and prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.Methods and ResultsData were derived from the ACROSS‐China (Abnormal Glucose Regulation in Patients with Acute Stroke across China) registry. Patients with ischemic stroke without a history of diabetes mellitus were included. Two post–glucose load measures of insulin sensitivity, the insulin sensitivity indices ISI(composite) and the ISI0,120, were calculated. Outcomes included stroke recurrence, all‐cause death, and poor functional outcome at 12 months. A...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 20, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pan, Y., Jing, J., Chen, W., Zheng, H., Jia, Q., Mi, D., Li, H., Zhao, X., Liu, L., Wang, C., Gaisano, H. Y., He, Y., Wang, Y., Tags: Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Sex Differences in the Association Between Insulin Resistance and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Blacks Without Diabetes Mellitus: The Jackson Heart Study Epidemiology
ConclusionsBoth HOMA‐IR and the McAuley index demonstrate strong associations with CHD but not stroke risk in blacks. The logHOMA‐IR and CHD association was present in men, but not in women.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 2, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Effoe, V. S., Wagenknecht, L. E., Echouffo Tcheugui, J. B., Chen, H., Joseph, J. J., Kalyani, R. R., Bell, R. A., Wu, W.-C. H., Casanova, R., Bertoni, A. G. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Clinical Prediction Model Suitable for Assessing Hospital Quality for Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy Stroke
Conclusions The NCDR CEA score, comprising 7 clinical variables, predicts in-hospital stroke or death after CEA. This model can be used to estimate hospital risk-adjusted outcomes for CEA and to assist with the assessment of hospital quality.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - June 17, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wimmer, N. J., Spertus, J. A., Kennedy, K. F., Anderson, H. V., Curtis, J. P., Weintraub, W. S., Singh, M., Rumsfeld, J. S., Masoudi, F. A., Yeh, R. W. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Risk Factor Stratification for Intracranial Stenosis in Taiwanese Patients With Cervicocerebral Stenosis Stroke
Conclusions CEIS was associated with higher odds of ischemic stroke compared with isolated ICS and isolated ECS. Smoking and diabetes mellitus, major determinants of CEIS and isolated ICS, should be targeted in therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 15, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sung, Y.-F., Lee, J.-T., Tsai, C.-L., Lin, C.-C., Hsu, Y.-D., Lin, J.-C., Chu, C.-M., Peng, G.-S. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Impact of Insurance Status on Outcomes and Use of Rehabilitation Services in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Findings From Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Health Services and Outcomes Research
The objective was to determine whether patients without insurance or with government‐sponsored insurance had worse quality of care or in‐hospital outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.Methods and ResultsMultivariable logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations stratified by age under or at least 65 years were adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidities, presenting factors, and hospital characteristics to determine differences in in‐hospital mortality and postdischarge destination. We included 589 320 ischemic stroke patients treated at 1604 US hospitals participating in the Get With The Guideline...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - November 13, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Medford-Davis, L. N., Fonarow, G. C., Bhatt, D. L., Xu, H., Smith, E. E., Suter, R., Peterson, E. D., Xian, Y., Matsouaka, R. A., Schwamm, L. H. Tags: Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Effect of Adherence to Oral Anticoagulants on Risk of Stroke and Major Bleeding Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Conclusions Adherence to anticoagulation is poor in practice and may be modestly improved with NOACs. Adherence to therapy appears to be most important in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2, whereas the benefits of anticoagulation may not outweigh the harms in patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 or 1.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 23, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yao, X., Abraham, N. S., Alexander, G. C., Crown, W., Montori, V. M., Sangaralingham, L. R., Gersh, B. J., Shah, N. D., Noseworthy, P. A. Tags: Arrhythmias, Atrial Fibrillation, Secondary Prevention, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Source Type: research

Race-Specific Predictors of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Differential Impacts of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Age Among Blacks and Whites Stroke
Conclusions IVH and age differentially predict mortality among blacks and whites. Blacks have higher rates of obstructive hydrocephalus and more frequently require EVD placement compared to their white counterparts.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - August 15, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faigle, R., Marsh, E. B., Llinas, R. H., Urrutia, V. C., Gottesman, R. F. Tags: Intracranial Hemorrhage Stroke Source Type: research

A New Risk Scheme to Predict Ischemic Stroke and Other Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: The ATRIA Study Stroke Risk Score Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Conclusions The ATRIA stroke risk score performed better than existing risk scores, was validated successfully, and showed improvement in predicting severe events, which is of greatest concern. The ATRIA score should improve the antithrombotic decision for patients with AF and should provide a secure foundation for the addition of biomarkers in future prognostic models.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - June 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Singer, D. E., Chang, Y., Borowsky, L. H., Fang, M. C., Pomernacki, N. K., Udaltsova, N., Reynolds, K., Go, A. S. Tags: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Source Type: research

Elucidating the Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke in Black and White Adults: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study Epidemiology
Conclusions Proximal depressive symptoms were associated with incident fatal and nonfatal stroke and CVD death even after controlling for multiple explanatory factors, further supporting the urgent need for timely management of depressive symptoms.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - August 11, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Moise, N., Khodneva, Y., Richman, J., Shimbo, D., Kronish, I., Safford, M. M. Tags: Quality and Outcomes Epidemiology Source Type: research

Advanced Left Atrial Remodeling and Appendage Contractile Dysfunction in Women Than in Men Among the Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Mechanism for Stroke Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Conclusions More-extensive LA remodeling and deterioration in LAA function were noted in women than in men with high calculated risk of stroke in AF.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - July 10, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yu, H. T., Lee, J. S., Kim, T.-H., Uhm, J.-S., Joung, B., Hong, G.-R., Lee, M.-H., Shim, C. Y., Pak, H.-N. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Source Type: research

Race-Specific Predictors of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Differential Impacts of Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Age Among Blacks and Whites Stroke
BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries high risk for short‐term mortality. We sought to identify race‐specific predictors of mortality in ICH patients.Methods and ResultsWe used 2 databases, the Johns Hopkins clinical stroke database and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). We included 226 patients with the primary diagnosis of spontaneous ICH from our stroke database between 2010 and 2013; in the NIS, 42 077 patients met inclusion criteria. Logistic regression was used to assess differences in predictors of mortality in blacks compared to whites. In our clinical stroke database, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS; P...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - August 15, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Faigle, R., Marsh, E. B., Llinas, R. H., Urrutia, V. C., Gottesman, R. F. Tags: Intracranial Hemorrhage Original Research Source Type: research

Advanced Left Atrial Remodeling and Appendage Contractile Dysfunction in Women Than in Men Among the Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Potential Mechanism for Stroke Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
BackgroundThe risk of stroke imposed by atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly greater in women than men; however, the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that left atrial (LA) remodeling and poor contractile function of LA appendage (LAA) would be more predominant in women than men among AF patients.Methods and ResultsA total of 579 AF patients (216 women vs age‐, AF type–, and incidences of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke or transient ischemic attack, and vascular disease–matched 363 men, 61.3±10.2 years old, 70.1% paroxysmal AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation were included. S...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - July 10, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yu, H. T., Lee, J. S., Kim, T.-H., Uhm, J.-S., Joung, B., Hong, G.-R., Lee, M.-H., Shim, C. Y., Pak, H.-N. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation Original Research Source Type: research

Race-Sex Differences in Statin Use and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control Among People With Diabetes Mellitus in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Health Services and Outcomes Research
BackgroundStatin therapy is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease risk reduction for people with diabetes mellitus. Past reports have shown race‐sex differences in statin use in general populations, but statin patterns by race and sex in those with diabetes mellitus have not been thoroughly studied.Methods and ResultsOur sample of 4288 adults ≥45 years of age with diagnosed diabetes mellitus who had low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)>100 mg/dL or were taking statins recruited for the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study from 2003 to 2007. Exposures included race‐sex groups (w...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 10, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gamboa, C. M., Colantonio, L. D., Brown, T. M., Carson, A. P., Safford, M. M. Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Diabetes, Type 2, Epidemiology, Race and Ethnicity, Health Services Original Research Source Type: research

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