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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
Condition: Stroke

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Total 341 results found since Jan 2013.

Stroke causes a transient imbalance of interhemispheric information flow in EEG during Non-REM sleep
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disabilities and represents a major medical and socio-economical burden (Adamson et al., 2004; Global Burden of Disease Study Collaborators, 2015; Ovbiagele et al., 2013). Ischemic strokes account for more than 2/3 of all strokes (Feigin et al., 2009). In the minutes to weeks following the onset of a focal cerebral ischemia, a variety of local but also more distant changes in connectivity occur (Silasi and Murphy, 2014; Xerri et al., 2014). In particular, functional neuroimaging studies have highlighted a “hyperactivity” of the homotopic contralesional region following a unilatera...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Frederic Zubler, Andrea Seiler, Thomas Horvath, Corinne Roth, Silvia Miano, Christian Rummel, Heidemarie Gast, Lino Nobili, Kaspar A. Schindler, Claudio L. Bassetti Source Type: research

PB3. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation in neurointensive care patients suffering from severe post-stroke dysphagia – Post stimulation increase of salivary substance P level may indicate treatment success
Dysphagia is one of the most important and prognostically relevant complications of acute stroke. Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation (PES) is a treatment device that enhances cortical reorganization for the restoration of swallowing function after cerebral injury. Furthermore, it was shown that PES leads to a temporary increase of Substance P (SP) level in saliva but not serum in healthy adults. The neuropeptide SP likely acts as a neurotransmitter in the pharyngeal mucosa and enhances the swallow and cough reflex.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: P. Muhle, S. Suntrup-Krueger, S. Bittner, T. Ruck, I. Claus, T. Marian, J.B. Schr öder, J. Minnerup, T. Warnecke, S.G. Meuth, R. Dziewas Source Type: research

FV5. Tapping into neural resources of verbal communication may help overcome difficulties in speech-motor planning after stroke
Decades of research highlight the importance of formulaic expressions in everyday spoken language. Utterances of this linguistic category are, by definition, fixed in form and embedded in communicative-pragmatic context (e.g., ‘Thank you,’ ‘How are you?’ or ‘I’m fine’). A growing body of neuroscience evidence suggests that formulaic expressions engage, in particular, right-hemisphere cortical and bilateral subcortical neural networks (cf. Stahl and Van Lancker Sidtis, 2015). This may explain why left-hemisph ere stroke patients often suffer from impaired speech-motor planning, while they are still able to com...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: B. Stahl, A. Fl öel, B. Amelew, F. Regenbrecht, S.A. Kotz Source Type: research

Activation of elbow extensors during passive stretch of flexors in patients with post-stroke spasticity
Spasticity affects up to 40% of individuals after stroke (Wissel et al., 2013). The most widely accepted definition of spasticity describes it as one component of a complex motor system disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in stretch reflex excitability associated with exaggerated tendon jerks (Lance, 1980).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mindy F. Levin, John M. Solomon, Akash Shah, Andr éanne K. Blanchette, Anatol G. Feldman Source Type: research

Non-invasive brain stimulation in the modulation of cerebral blood flow after stroke: a systematic review of Transcranial Doppler studies
NIBS has been successfully explored as a biomarker and therapeutic adjunct for functional recovery after stroke. rTMS and tDCS are two such promising neuromodulatory techniques that have been widely investigated to prime the motor areas of the brain in combination with task-specific practice (Bastani et al., 2012, Hsu et al., 2012, Jodie et al., 2015, Le et al., 2014). Although these techniques have demonstrated modest efficacy, clinical translation is still limited as the underlying physiological mechanisms are not completely understood, nor is the inter-individual variability associated with these techniques resolved (L ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - October 24, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pooja C Iyer, Sangeetha Madhavan Source Type: research

IS 21. tDCS effects on ipsilateral motor control: Robbing Peter to pay Paul?
Conclusions: In patients with upper limb weakness after stroke, the role of the cM1 for upper limb control can vary between individuals, depending on extent of damage to the corticospinal pathway. We present a neurophysiological model that explains how the cM1 may gain control of the paretic arm via the CRPP and why suppression of cM1 with NBS can be beneficial for some patients, but detrimental for others. Finally we describe ways to predict whether cM1 suppression may be indicated or contraindicated for an individual patient after stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: W.D. Byblow, L.V. Bradnam, P.A. Barber, C.M. Stinear Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

7. Convulsive and non-convulsive seizures observed from aging mice following brian ischemia episodes
Conclusions: The early-onset seizures result from severe cerebral ischemia and brain injury. Generation of the convulsive seizures may involve deeper sub-cortical structures particularly the brainstem, and the non-convulsive EEG discharges may originate from the hippocampus. Our data may help understanding genesis of post-stroke seizures in the aging/aged population.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 7, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Liang Zhang Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

S4-4. Neurophysiological examination for the assessment of rehabilitation
We examined SICI and IHI using transcranial magnetic stimulation technique in chronic stroke patients with severe hemiparesis to find out fundamentals for rehabilitation strategy. Results indicated individual variability of SICI in affected and unaffected hemisphere was very large, and SICI in unaffected hemisphere was not necessarily disinhibited. SICI in affected hemisphere was correlated with the period after the onset of stroke and motor function of the paretic hand. On the other hand, IHI varied depending on motor function of the paretic hand. These findings about SICI and IHI showed potential plasticity even in chron...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kaoru Honaga, Toshiyuki Fujiwara Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

S5-2. HANDS therapy – Functional recovery and neurophysiological reorganization
We examined the change of short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and reciprocal inhibition (RI) to examine the effects of the HANDS therapy to the cortico-spinal systems in chronic stroke patients.In many patients, the SICI in an affected hemisphere was decreased, and RI of a paretic arm was increased after HANDS therapy. It means the excitability of an affected cortex was increased and reciprocal inhibition of a paretic arm was enhanced in spinal level. These changes were correlated with improvement of motor function after treatment. Furthermore, in HANDS therapy, the change of neurophysiological factor and motor function ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kaoru Honaga, Toshiyuki Fujiwara Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

P 181. Impact of offline transcranial direct current stimulation on consolidation of motor sequence learning in healthy elderly subjects
Conclusions: Offline application of anodal tDCS over M1 post training improves consolidation of motor sequence learning in elderly subjects until at least 22h post training. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential benefit of offline-tDCS in motor learning in healthy elderly and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M. Wegscheider, J.-J. Rumpf, C. Fricke, D. Weise, J. Classen Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

FV 1. Perilesional activation in poststroke language recovery
Poststroke aphasia recovery evolves in time. Increased perilesional activity associated with treatment-related language improvements has been confirmed in the chronic phase (Fridriksson et al., 2011), but has not yet been systematically demonstrated during the early phases of stroke recovery. The pathophysiology of stroke suggests that perilesional reorganisation evolves within days, lasting for months after stroke, while increased neuronal excitability might provide a basis for perilesional neuroplasticity (Schiene et al., 1999).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 5, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A. Stockert, J. Klingbeil, M. Wawrzyniak, K. Wrede, D. Saur Tags: Orals – Functional Imaging Source Type: research

S3-3. Clinical application of electroencephalogram-based brain-machine interfaces
A large number of electroencephalogram-based brain-machine interface (BMI) systems developed by industry and academia are now available for neurorehabilitation. However, the lack of phase 1 –2 clinical trials for BMI interventions to post-stroke hemiplegia has been limited their treatment outcome. To test the safety and feasibility of BMI interventions, we conducted trials with a customly developed BMI system for patients with acute/subacute hemiparetic stroke. Four inpatients partic ipated in this study in the early phase (7–24 days from stroke onset).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yasunari Hashimoto, Toshiyuki Kakui, Junichi Ushiba, Meigen Liu, Kyousuke Kamada, Tetsuo Ota Source Type: research