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Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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Total 466 results found since Jan 2013.
Statins for acute coronary syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on moderate quality evidence, due to concerns about risk of bias and imprecision, initiation of statin therapy within 14 days following ACS does not reduce death, myocardial infarction, or stroke up to four months, but reduces the occurrence of unstable angina at four months following ACS. Serious side effects were rare.
PMID: 25178118 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 1, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Vale N, Nordmann AJ, Schwartz GG, de Lemos J, Colivicchi F, den Hartog F, Ostadal P, Macin SM, Liem AH, Mills EJ, Bhatnagar N, Bucher HC, Briel M Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Perioperative beta-blockers for preventing surgery-related mortality and morbidity.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, perioperative application of beta-blockers still plays a pivotal role in cardiac surgery , as they can substantially reduce the high burden of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in the aftermath of surgery. Their influence on mortality, AMI, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypotension and bradycardia in this setting remains unclear.In non-cardiac surgery, evidence from low risk of bias trials shows an increase in all-cause mortality and stroke with the use of beta-blockers. As the quality of evidence is still low to moderate, more evidence is needed before a definitive co...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 18, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Blessberger H, Kammler J, Domanovits H, Schlager O, Wildner B, Azar D, Schillinger M, Wiesbauer F, Steinwender C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSIONS: This second update of this Cochrane Review found no evidence to suggest that homocysteine-lowering interventions in the form of supplements of vitamins B6, B9 or B12 given alone or in combination should be used for preventing cardiovascular events. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that homocysteine-lowering interventions are associated with an increased risk of cancer.
PMID: 25590290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 15, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Martí-Carvajal AJ, Solà I, Lathyris D Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Cooling for cerebral protection during brain surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that the use of induced hypothermia was associated with a significant reduction in mortality or severe neurological disability, or an increase in harm in patients undergoing neurosurgery.
PMID: 25626888 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 3, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Galvin IM, Levy R, Boyd JG, Day AG, Wallace MC Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSIONS: Several class IA, IC and III drugs, as well as class II drugs (beta-blockers), are moderately effective in maintaining sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial fibrillation. However, they increase adverse events, including pro-arrhythmia, and some of them (disopyramide, quinidine and sotalol) may increase mortality. Possible benefits on clinically relevant outcomes (stroke, embolism, heart failure) remain to be established.
PMID: 25820938 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 2, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Lafuente-Lafuente C, Valembois L, Bergmann JF, Belmin J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion.
CONCLUSIONS: Transfusing at a restrictive haemoglobin concentration of between 7 g/dL to 8 g/dL decreased the proportion of participants exposed to RBC transfusion by 43% across a broad range of clinical specialities. There was no evidence that a restrictive transfusion strategy impacts 30-day mortality or morbidity (i.e. mortality at other points, cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, thromboembolism, infection) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy. There were insufficient data to inform the safety of transfusion policies in certain clinical subgroups, including acute coronary syndrome, myocard...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 11, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Carson JL, Stanworth SJ, Roubinian N, Fergusson DA, Triulzi D, Doree C, Hebert PC Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether insulin secretagogues compared mainly with placebo reduce the risk of developing T2DM and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of T2DM. Most trials did not investigate patient-important outcomes.
PMID: 27749986 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 16, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hemmingsen B, Sonne DP, Metzendorf MI, Richter B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of a difference in total mortality and serious adverse events was found between treating to a lower or to a standard blood pressure target in people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This suggests no net health benefit from a lower systolic blood pressure target despite the small absolute reduction in total cardiovascular serious adverse events. There was very limited evidence on adverse events, which lead to high uncertainty. At present there is insufficient evidence to justify lower blood pressure targets (≤ 135/85 mmHg) in people with hypertension and established cardiovascular dis...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 11, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjón J, Celaya MC, Muruzábal L, Malón MDM, Montoya R, López A Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
WITHDRAWN: Pharmacological cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm is superior to rate control. Rhythm control is associated with more adverse effects and increased hospitalisation. It does not reduce the risk of stroke. The conclusions cannot be generalised to all people with atrial fibrillation. Most of the patients included in these studies were relatively older (>60 years) with significant cardiovascular risk factors.
PMID: 29140557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 15, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Cordina J, Mead GE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
WITHDRAWN: Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter.
CONCLUSIONS: Electrical cardioversion (rhythm control) led to a non-significant increase in stroke risk but improved three domains of quality of life.
PMID: 29140555 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 15, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mead GE, Elder A, Flapan AD, Cordina J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no firm evidence that diet alone or physical activity alone compared to standard treatment influences the risk of T2DM and especially its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing T2DM. However, diet plus physical activity reduces or delays the incidence of T2DM in people with IGT. Data are lacking for the effect of diet plus physical activity for people with intermediate hyperglycaemia defined by other glycaemic variables. Most RCTs did not investigate patient-important outcomes.
PMID: 29205264 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 4, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, Roqué I Figuls M, Metzendorf MI, Richter B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for preventing cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence demonstrates that the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease and people with established cardiovascular disease without a coronary stent is associated with a reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke, and an increased risk of major and minor bleeding compared with aspirin alone. According to GRADE criteria, the quality of evidence was moderate for all outcomes except all-cause mortality (low quality evidence) and adverse events (very low quality evidence).
PMID: 29240976 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 14, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Squizzato A, Bellesini M, Takeda A, Middeldorp S, Donadini MP Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Perioperative beta-blockers for preventing surgery-related mortality and morbidity.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, perioperative application of beta-blockers still plays a pivotal role in cardiac surgery, as they can substantially reduce the high burden of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in the aftermath of surgery. Their influence on mortality, AMI, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypotension and bradycardia in this setting remains unclear.In non-cardiac surgery, evidence shows an association of beta-blockers with increased all-cause mortality. Data from low risk of bias trials further suggests an increase in stroke rate with the use of beta-blockers. As the quality of evidence is...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 13, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Blessberger H, Kammler J, Domanovits H, Schlager O, Wildner B, Azar D, Schillinger M, Wiesbauer F, Steinwender C Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence of a difference in total mortality, serious adverse events, or total cardiovascular events between people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease treated to a lower or to a standard blood pressure target. This suggests that no net health benefit is derived from a lower systolic blood pressure target. We found very limited evidence on adverse events, which led to high uncertainty. At present, evidence is insufficient to justify lower blood pressure targets (≤ 135/85 mmHg) in people with hypertension and established cardiovascular disease. More trials are needed to examine this topic....
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 20, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjón J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Higher versus lower fraction of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the intensive care unit.
CONCLUSIONS: We are very uncertain about the effects of higher versus lower fraction of inspired oxygen or targets of arterial oxygenation for adults admitted to the ICU on all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, and lung injuries at the time point closest to three months due to very low-certainty evidence. Our results indicate that oxygen supplementation with higher versus lower fractions or oxygenation targets may increase mortality. None of the trials reported the proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events according to the ICH-GCP criteria, however we found that the trials reported an increa...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 26, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Barbateskovic M, Schjørring OL, Russo Krauss S, Jakobsen JC, Meyhoff CS, Dahl RM, Rasmussen BS, Perner A, Wetterslev J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
