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Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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Total 466 results found since Jan 2013.
Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in selective shunting)
CONCLUSIONS: This review concluded that the data available were too limited to either support or refute the use of routine or selective shunting in carotid endarterectomy when performed under general anaesthesia. Large-scale randomised trials of routine shunting versus selective shunting are required. No method of monitoring in selective shunting has been shown to produce better outcomes.PMID:35731671 | PMC:PMC9216235 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000190.pub4
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 22, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Busaba Chuatrakoon Sothida Nantakool Amaraporn Rerkasem Saritphat Orrapin Dominic Pj Howard Kittipan Rerkasem Source Type: research
Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery
CONCLUSIONS: In some types of elective surgery, cell salvage may reduce the need for and volume of allogeneic transfusion, alongside evidence of no difference in adverse events, when compared to no cell salvage. Further research is required to establish why other surgeries show no benefit from CS, through further analysis of the current evidence. More large RCTs in under-reported specialities are needed to expand the evidence base for exploring the impact of CS.PMID:37681564 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001888.pub5
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Thomas D Lloyd Louise J Geneen Keeley Bernhardt William McClune Scott J Fernquest Tamara Brown Carolyn Dor ée Susan J Brunskill Michael F Murphy Antony Jr Palmer Source Type: research
Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.
CONCLUSIONS: Our review findings provide strong evidence that treatment with hormone therapy in post-menopausal women overall, for either primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease events has little if any benefit and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolic events.
PMID: 25754617 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 10, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A, Main C, Roqué I Figuls M, Bonfill Cosp X, Gabriel Sanchez R, Knight B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among adults undergoing surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Our review concludes that prophylactic α-2 adrenergic agonists generally do not prevent perioperative death or major cardiac complications. For non-cardiac surgery, there is moderate-to-high quality evidence that these agents do not prevent death, myocardial infarction or stroke. Conversely, there is moderate quality evidence that these agents have important adverse effects, namely increased risks of hypotension and bradycardia. For cardiac surgery, there is moderate quality evidence that α-2 adrenergic agonists have no effect on the risk of mortality or myocardial infarction, and that they increase the risk...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 6, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Duncan D, Sankar A, Beattie WS, Wijeysundera DN Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).
CONCLUSIONS: In studies of adults with CKD G5D treated with dialysis, sevelamer may lower death (all causes) compared to calcium-based binders and incur less treatment-related hypercalcaemia, while we found no clinically important benefits of any phosphate binder on cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, fracture or coronary artery calcification. The effects of binders on patient-important outcomes compared to placebo are uncertain. In patients with CKD G2 to G5, the effects of sevelamer, lanthanum, and iron-based phosphate binders on cardiovascular, vascular calcification, and bone outcomes compared to place...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 22, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ruospo M, Palmer SC, Natale P, Craig JC, Vecchio M, Elder GJ, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for the clinical endpoint effects of evolocumab and alirocumab were graded as high. There is a strong evidence base to prescribe PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies to people who might not be eligible for other lipid-lowering drugs, or to people who cannot meet their lipid goals on more traditional therapies, which was the main patient population of the available trials. The evidence base of PCSK9 inhibitors compared with active treatment is much weaker (low very- to low-certainty evidence) and it is unclear whether evolocumab or alirocumab might be effectively used as replacement therapies. Related...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 20, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Schmidt AF, Carter JL, Pearce LS, Wilkins JT, Overington JP, Hingorani AD, Casas JP Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
CONCLUSIONS: Our present review indicates that antibiotics (macrolides or quinolones) for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease seem harmful when assessing the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke at maximum follow-up and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death at 24±6 months follow-up. Current evidence does, therefore, not support the clinical use of macrolides and quinolones for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Future trials on the safety of macrolides or quinolones for the secondary prevention in patients with coronary heart diseas...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 11, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Naqash J Sethi Sanam Safi Steven Kwasi Korang Asbj ørn Hróbjartsson Maria Skoog Christian Gluud Janus C Jakobsen Source Type: research
Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the three RCTs, there is no evidence that oral anticoagulant therapy modifies mortality in people with HF in sinus rhythm. The evidence is uncertain if warfarin has any effect on all-cause death compared to placebo or no treatment, but it may increase the risk of major bleeding events. There is no evidence of a difference in the effect of rivaroxaban on all-cause death compared to placebo. It probably reduces the risk of stroke, but probably increases the risk of major bleedings. The available evidence does not support the routine use of anticoagulation in people with HF who remain in sinus rhythm.PMI...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 18, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Eduard Shantsila Monika Kozie ł Gregory Yh Lip Source Type: research
First-line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: When used as first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension, thiazides and thiazide-like drugs likely do not change total mortality and likely decrease some morbidity outcomes such as cardiovascular events and withdrawals due to adverse effects, when compared to beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and alpha-blockers.PMID:37439548 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD008161.pub3
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 13, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Marcia Reinhart Lorri Puil Douglas M Salzwedel James M Wright Source Type: research
Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery with any of the studied pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions may be favored because of its reduction in the rate of atrial fibrillation, decrease in the length of stay and cost of hospital treatment and a possible decrease in the rate of stroke. However, this review is limited by the quality of the available data and heterogeneity between the included studies. Selection of appropriate interventions may depend on the individual patient situation and should take into consideration adverse effects and the cost associated with each ap...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 2, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Arsenault KA, Yusuf AM, Crystal E, Healey JS, Morillo CA, Nair GM, Whitlock RP Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for kidney transplant recipients.
CONCLUSIONS: Statins may reduce cardiovascular events in kidney transplant recipients, although treatment effects are imprecise. Statin treatment has uncertain effects on overall mortality, stroke, kidney function, and toxicity outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Additional studies would improve our confidence in the treatment benefits and harms of statins on cardiovascular events in this clinical setting.
PMID: 24470059 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, Perkovic V, Johnson DW, Nigwekar SU, Hegbrant J, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
