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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.
HDAC Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation Enhances Neuroprotective Function of Microglia During Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of microglial activation by studying histone modification histone 3-lysine 9-acetylation (H3K9ac) and its regulation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. In vitro analysis of activated microglia showed that HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (SB), alters H3K9ac enrichment and transcription at the promoters of pro-inflammatory (Tnf- α,Nos2,Stat1,Il6) and anti-inflammatory (Il10) genes while inducing the expression of genes downstream of the IL10/STAT3 anti-inflammatory pathway. In an experimental mouse (C57BL/6NTac) model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO),...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR in Evaluating Level III Collateral Circulation in a Rat Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke
In conclusion, the permeability parameters, such as IAUC andKtrans map, can quantitatively assess capillary intensity, which may indicate angiogenesis categorized as level III collateral circulation after ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TRPV4 Activation Contributes Functional Recovery from Ischemic Stroke via Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis
In conclusion, our data suggest that TRPV4 activation by 4α-PDD may improve poststroke functional improvement through angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 4, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Monogenic, Polygenic, and MicroRNA Markers for Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is a leading disease with high mortality and disability, as well as with limited therapeutic window. Biomarkers for earlier diagnosis of IS have long been pursued. Family and twin studies confirm that genetic variations play an important role in IS pathogenesis. Besides DNA mutations found previously by genetic linkage analysis for monogenic IS (Mendelian inheritance), recent studies using genome-wide associated study (GWAS) and microRNA expression profiling have resulted in a large number of DNA and microRNA biomarkers in polygenic IS (sporadic IS), especially in different IS subtypes and imag...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Delayed Galectin-3-Mediated Reprogramming of Microglia After Stroke is Protective
AbstractGalectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has recently emerged as a molecule with immunoregulatory functions. We investigated the effects of Gal-3 on microglia morphology, migration, and secretory profile under physiological conditions and in the context of ischemic injury. We show that in the control conditio ns, exposure to recombinant Gal-3 increases microglial ramification and motility in vitro and in vivo via an IL-4-dependent mechanism. Importantly, after stroke, Gal-3 exerted marked immune-modulatory properties. Delivery of Gal-3 at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was associate...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Transcriptional Response and Morphological Features of the Neurovascular Unit and Associated Extracellular Matrix After Experimental Stroke in Mice
In conclusion, the variety in gene regulation emphasizes the complexity of interactions within the ischemia-affected NVU and ECM. These data might help to focus future res earch on a set of highly sensitive elements, which might prospectively facilitate neuroprotective strategies beyond the traditional single target perspective.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Glia-Like Cells from Late-Passage Human MSCs Protect Against Ischemic Stroke Through IGFBP-4
AbstractStem cell therapy is considered to be a promising future treatment for intractable neurological diseases, although all the clinical trials using stem cells have not yet shown any good results. Early passage mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in most clinical trials because of the issues on safety and efficacy. However, it is not easy to get plenty of cells enough for the treatment and it costs too much. Lots of late passage MSCs can be obtained at lower cost but their efficacy would be a big hurdle for clinical trials. If late passage MSCs with better efficacy could be used in clinical trials, it could be...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 26, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Long Non-coding RNAs as Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke: a Comprehensive Review
AbstractIn recent years, ischemic stroke (IS) has been one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. The general mechanism of IS is based on reduced blood supply to neuronal tissue, resulting in neuronal cell damage by various pathological reactions. One of the main techniques for acute IS treatment entails advanced surgical approaches for restoration of cerebral blood supply but this is often associated with secondary brain injury, also known as ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Many researches have come to emphasize the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in IS, especially in I/R i...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effect of Anti-inflammatory Treatment with AMD3100 and CX3CR1 Deficiency on GABAA Receptor Subunit and Expression of Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms After Stroke
AbstractFollowing stroke, attenuation of detrimental inflammatory pathways might be a promising strategy to improve long-term outcome. In particular, cascades driven by pro-inflammatory chemokines interact with neurotransmitter systems such as the GABAergic system. This crosstalk might be of relevance for mechanisms of neuronal plasticity, however, detailed studies are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment with 1,1 ′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] (AMD3100), an antagonist to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and partial allosteric agonist to CXCR7 ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Application of Metabolomics to the Discovery of Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke in the Murine Model: a Comparison with the Clinical Results
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of IS remains unknown, and methods for early prediction and diagnosis of IS are lacking. Metabolomics can be applied to biomarker discovery and mechanism exploration of IS by exploring metabolic alterations. In this review, 62 IS metabolomics studies in the murine model published from January 2006 to December 2020 in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically reviewed. Twenty metabolites (e.g., lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, lactate, serine, N-acetyl-aspartic acid, and glu...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interleukin-13 Affects the Recovery Processes in a Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Stroke with Bilateral Tibial Fracture
AbstractAs one form of stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal cerebrovascular disease, which has high morbidity and mortality and lacks effective medical treatment. Increased infiltration of inflammatory cytokines coupled with pyroptotic cell death is involved in the pathophysiological process of ICH. However, little is known about whether concomitant fracture patients have the same progression of inflammation and pyroptosis. Hence, we respectively established the mouse ICH model and ICH with bilateral tibial fracture model (MI) to explore the potential cross-talk between the above two injuries. We found that MI...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
From Hair to the Brain: The Short-Term Therapeutic Potential of Human Hair Follicle-Derived Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium in a Rat Model of Stroke
We describe here for the first time the therapeutic potential of human hair follicle-derived stem cells (hHFSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) in a rat model of IS. Furthermore, we hypothesized that a combination of cell therapy with repeated CM administration might enhance the restorative efficiency of this approach compared to each treatment alone. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed for 30 min to induce IS. Immediately after reperfusion, hHFSCs were transplanted through the intra-arterial route and/or hHFSC-CM administered intranasally. The neurological outcomes, short-term spatial working memory, and i...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
miR-671-5p Upregulation Attenuates Blood –Brain Barrier Disruption in the Ischemia Stroke Model Via the NF-кB/MMP-9 Signaling Pathway
AbstractBlood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption can induce further hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke (IS). miR-671-5p, a micro-RNA, is abundant in the cortex of mammalian brains. Herein, we investigated the roles and potential mechanisms for the effects of miR-671-5p on BBB permeability in IS. Results showed that miR-671-5p levels were significantly downregulated in the cerebral cortex of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) C57/BL6 micein vivo. miR-671-5p agomir administration via right intracerebroventricular injection significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, the axo...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Modulation of Brain Pathology by Enhancer RNAs in Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractRecent studies have reported widespread stimulus-dependent transcription of mammalian enhancers into noncoding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), some of which have central roles in the enhancer-mediated induction of target genes and modulation of phenotypic outcomes during development and disease. In cerebral ischemia, the expression and functions of eRNAs are virtually unknown. Here, we applied genome-wide H3K27ac ChIP-seq and genome-wide RNA-seq to identify enhancer elements and stroke-induced eRNAs, respectively, in the mouse cerebral cortex during transient focal ischemia. Following a 1-h middle cerebral artery occlusion ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Integrative Multi-omics Analysis to Characterize Human Brain Ischemia
AbstractStroke is a major cause of death and disability. A better comprehension of stroke pathophysiology is fundamental to reduce its dramatic outcome. The use of high-throughput unbiasedomics approaches and the integration of these data might deepen the knowledge of stroke at the molecular level, depicting the interaction between different molecular units. We aimed to identify protein and gene expression changes in the human brain after ischemia through an integrative approach to join the information of bothomics analyses. The translational potential of our results was explored in a pilot study with blood samples from is...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
