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Source: Molecular Neurobiology
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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.
An Updated Review of Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Against Cerebral Ischemia and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
AbstractRegardless of the progress made in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, it remains a leading cause of adult disability and death. To date, the most effective treatment for ischemic stroke is the timely recanalization of the occluded artery. However, the short time window and reperfusion injury have greatly limited its application and efficacy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion have become regarded as being hallmarks of neuropathophysiology following ischemic stroke. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel potential therapeutic intervention for ischemic stroke that has sparked widespread concern during th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 3, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Metabolomic Estimation of the Diagnosis and Onset Time of Permanent and Transient Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractDetermining the time of stroke onset in order to apply recanalization therapies within the accepted therapeutic window and the correct diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) are two common clinical problems in acute cerebral ischemia management. Therefore, biomarkers helping in this conundrum could be very helpful. We developed mouse models of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mimicking TIA and ischemic stroke (IS), respectively. Plasma samples were analyzed by metabolomics at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post onset in order to find TIA- and time-related stroke biomarkers. The results were validated in a secon...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 21, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Molecular Basis of Sex Difference in Neuroprotection induced by Hypoxia Preconditioning in Zebrafish
AbstractHypoxia, the major cause of ischemic injury, leads to debilitating disease in infants via birth asphyxia and cerebral palsy, whereas in adults via heart attack and stroke. A widespread, natural protective phenomenon termed ‘hypoxic preconditioning’ (PH) occurs when prior exposures to hypoxia eventually result in robust hypoxia resistance. Accordingly, we have developed and optimized a novel model of hypoxic preconditioning in adult zebrafish to mimic the tolerance of mini stroke(s) in human, which appears to prote ct against the severe damage inflicted by a major stroke event. Here, we observed a remarkable dif...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Exosomes in Acquired Neurological Disorders: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment
AbstractExosomes are endogenous nanovesicles that play critical roles in intercellular signaling by conveying functional genetic information and proteins between cells. Exosomes readily cross the blood-brain barrier and have promise as therapeutic delivery vehicles that have the potential to specifically deliver molecules to the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature also makes exosomes attractive as biomarkers in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in the context of multiple significant public health conditions, including acquired neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the sta...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
circDlgap4 Alleviates Cerebral Ischaemic Injury by Binding to AUF1 to Suppress Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation
AbstractIschaemic stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity.circDlgap4 has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury through an unknown mechanism. Here, we studied the function of circDlgap4/AUF1 in ischaemic stroke and its underlying molecular mechanism. N2a cells and primary mouse cortical neurons were subjected to OGD to mimic neuronal injury during ischemia. BV-2 cells were treated with LPS to mimic neuroinflammation. The MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, while flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis. qRT –PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunostaini...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 16, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 1 Regulates Cerebral Ischemia –Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Through NAD+/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway
In conclusion, these findings indicate that rh-NMNAT1 protects BBB integrity after cerebral ischemia via the NAD+/SIRT1 signaling pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells. NMNAT1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for reducing BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Effects of a PSD-95 Inhibitor in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
In this study, a modified version of the Rice-Vannucci method for the induction of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury was performed on postnatal day 7 mouse pups. Animals received a single dose of NA-1 intraperitoneally either before or after right common carotid artery occlusion. All experiments were performed in a blinded manner. Infarct volumes were measured 1 and 7 days after the injury, while behavioral tests were conducted 1, 3, and 7 days after injury. Administration of NA-1 before right common carotid artery occlusion or immediately after ischemia significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurobeha...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 28, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Moderate Protein Restriction Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice by Mechanisms Involving Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Responses
AbstractFood composition influences stroke risk, but its effects on ischemic injury and neurological deficits are poorly examined. While severe reduction of protein content was found to aggravate neurological impairment and brain injury as a consequence of combined energy-protein malnutrition, moderate protein restriction not resulting in energy deprivation was recently suggested to protect against perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Male C57BL6/j mice were exposed to moderate protein restriction by providing a normocaloric diet containing 8% protein (control: 20% protein) for 7, 14, or 30 days. Intraluminal middle cerebral arte...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: a Focus on the Neurovascular Unit
AbstractA robust innate immune activation leads to downstream expression of inflammatory mediators that amplify tissue damage and consequently increase the morbidity after stroke. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is a major innate immune pathway activated acutely and chronically after stroke. Hence, understanding the intricacies of the temporal profile, specific control points, and cellular specificity of TLR4 activation is crucial for the development of any novel therapeutics targeting the endogenous innate immune response after focal cerebral ischemia. The goal of this review is to summarize the current findings r...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exacerbate Ischemic Brain Damage
AbstractMost acute strokes are ischemic, and subsequent neuroinflammation promotes further damage leading to cell death but also plays a beneficial role by promoting cellular repair. Neutrophils are forerunners to brain lesions after ischemic stroke and exert elaborate functions. While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) possess a fundamental antimicrobial function within the innate immune system under physiological circumstances, increasing evidence indicates that NETosis, the release process of NETs, occurs in the pathogenic process of stroke. In this review, we focus on the processes of NET formation and clearance, th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
GSK-126 Protects CA1 Neurons from H3K27me3-Mediated Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractEpigenetics, including histone modifications, play a significant role in central nervous system diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of H3K27me3 in regulating transcriptomic and pathogenic mechanisms following global ischemic stroke. Here, we found that in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced marked upregulation of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus. The administration of GSK-126 to rat brains decreased the levels of H3K27me3 in the hippocampus and reduced neuronal apoptosis after experimental stroke. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data demonstrat...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effect of TDP43-CTFs35 on Brain Endothelial Cell Functions in Cerebral Ischemic Injury
This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of brain vascular EC regulation, which may impact on BBB integrity after cerebral ischemic injury.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - May 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Blocks Experimental Cerebral Ischemia –Reperfusion Injury by Restraining AQP4 Expression via the miR-1192/STAT5A Axis
This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the lncRNA GAS5 on STAT5A in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. First, GAS5 and STAT5A levels in the blood of patients with stroke were determined. Then, a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion rat model was established in which short hairpin RNAs targeting GAS5 or STAT5A were intracranially injected, followed by the assessment of neurological function, cerebral injury and water content, and inflammation. Primary rat astrocytes were induced with oxygen –glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), and cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammati...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
LncRNA XIST Exacerbates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Cerebral Injury Through the miR-25-3p/TRAF3 Axis
AbstractIschemic stroke causes lethal damage to the brain. Identifying key regulators of OGD/R-induced cerebral injury is important for developing novel therapies for ischemic stroke. HMC3 and SH-SY5Y cells were treated with OGD/R as anin vitro ischemic stroke model. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined via CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines were examined by ELISA. Luciferase activity was measured for evaluating the interaction of XIST, miR-25-3p, and TRAF3. Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, cleaved-caspase 3, total caspase 3, and TRAF3 were detected via western blotting. HMC3 and SH-SY5Y cells showed increased ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
