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Source: Molecular Neurobiology

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Total 278 results found since Jan 2013.

Exosomal circCNOT6L Regulates Astrocyte Apoptotic Signals Induced by Hypoxia Exposure Through miR99a-5p/SERPINE1 and Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Injury
In conclusion, CircCNOT6L attenuated the cell apopt otic signal of astrocytes via the miR99a-5p/SERPINE1 axis and then alleviated injury after hypoxia induced by ischemic stroke.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - August 2, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mode of Action of S -Methyl- N , N -Diethylthiocarbamate Sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO) as a Novel Therapy for Stroke in a Rat Model
Abstract One approach for protecting neurons from excitotoxic damage in stroke is to attenuate receptor activity with specific antagonists. S-Methyl-N, N-diethylthiocarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO), the active metabolite of disulfiram, has been shown to be a partial antagonist of glutamate receptors and effective in reducing seizure. First, we investigated neuroprotective effect of DETC-MeSO on primary cortical neuronal culture under hypoxia/reoxygenation condition in vitro. Then, DETC-MeSO was administered subcutaneously for 4 and 8 days with the first injection occurring 1 h before or 24 h after reperfusion i...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Withania somnifera Improves Ischemic Stroke Outcomes by Attenuating PARP1-AIF-Mediated Caspase-Independent Apoptosis
We examined the neuroprotective properties of an aqueous extract of WS in both pre- and poststroke treatment regimens in a mouse model of permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). WS (200 mg/kg) improved functional recovery and significantly reduced the infarct volume in mice, when compared to those treated with vehicle, in both paradigms. We investigated the protective mechanism/s induced by WS using brain cortices by testing its ability to modulate the expression of key proteins in the ischemic-apoptotic cascade. The Western blots and immunofluorescence analyses of mice cortices revealed that WS upregul...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Angiotensin I Receptor Gene Are Susceptible to Stroke Injury
Abstract Hypertension is one of the co-morbid conditions for stroke and profoundly increases its incidence. Angiotensin II (AngII) is shown to be at the center stage in driving the renin angiotensin system via activation of angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R). This makes the AT1R gene one of the candidates whose differential regulation leads to the predisposition to disorders associated with hypertension. A haplotype block of four SNPs is represented primarily by haplotype-I, or Hap-I (TTAA), and haplotype-II, or Hap-II (AGCG), in the promoter of human AT1R (hAT1R) gene. To better understand the physiological role of th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Knockdown Blocks the Angiogenic and Protective Effects of Angiotensin Modulation After Experimental Stroke
In conclusion, BDNF is directly involved in candesartan-mediated functional recovery, angiogenesis, and synaptogenesis.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 12, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Progesterone Changes VEGF and BDNF Expression and Promotes Neurogenesis After Ischemic Stroke
We examined VEGF and BDNF expression by Western blotting and/or immunostaining and microvessel density by lectin immunostaining. Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was determined by immunostaining of Ki67 and doublecortin, and double BrdU/Nestin immunostaining. We calculated brain water content with the wet-dry weight method on day 3 and assessed neurologic deficits with the modified neurological severity score on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Progesterone-treated rats showed a significant decrease in VEGF expression, but an increase in BDNF expression, compared with that of vehicle-treated pMCAO rats on day 3 post-occlusion....
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rodent Gymnastics: Neurobehavioral Assays in Ischemic Stroke
AbstractDespite years of research, most preclinical trials on ischemic stroke have remained unsuccessful owing to poor methodological and statistical standards leading to “translational roadblocks.” Various behavioral tests have been established to evaluate traits such as sensorimotor function, cognitive and social interactions, and anxiety-like and depression-like behavior. A test’s validity is of cardinal importance as it influences the chance of a successful translation of preclinical results to clinical settings. The mission of choosing a behavioral test for a particular project is, therefore, imperative and the ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 16, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characterization of Dysregulated miRNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Ischemic Stroke Patients
AbstractEpigenetic modification may play an important role in pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS) risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which constitute one of the modes of epigenetic regulation, have been shown to be associated with a number of clinical disorders including IS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the miRNA profile in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of IS patients and compare it with stroke-free controls. Blood samples were obtained from 19 healthy age-gender-race matched individuals who served as controls to 20 IS patients. miRNA microarray analysis with RNA from PBMCs was performed and sig...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 5, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Plasma miR-124 Is a Promising Candidate Biomarker for Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke
AbstractStroke causes death or long-term disabilities and threatens the general health of the population worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs are dysregulated and can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in stroke. The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 15% of all the stroke cases. However, at present, little is known regarding the functions and clinical implications of miRNAs in ICH. In the present study, we established the collagenase-induced rat ICH model to mimic human ICH syndrome. We profiled the expression of 728 rat miRNAs at different time points in rat brain tissues and plasm...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - November 3, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Improved Reperfusion and Vasculoprotection by the Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase Inhibitor PJ34 After Stroke and Thrombolysis in Mice
In conclusion, the combination of the PARP inhibitor PJ34 with rt-PA after cerebral ischemia may be of particular interest in order to improve thrombolysis with an extended therapeutic window.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Attenuation of Ischemic Stroke-Caused Brain Injury by a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Involves Improved Proteostasis and Reduced Neuroinflammation
AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury. We previously showed that ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin-like protein, improves proteostasis and protects brains against oxidative stress and I/R induced brain injury. We demonstrate here that nialamide (NM), a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, upregulated Ublqn1 and protected neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation- and I/R-caused cell death in in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Post-ischemic administration of the NM in a stroke mouse model even at 3  h following I/R still reduced ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Proteomics-Guided Study on Buyang Huanwu Decoction for Its Neuroprotective and Neurogenic Mechanisms for Transient Ischemic Stroke: Involvements of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/Bad/14-3-3 and Jak2/Stat3/Cyclin D1 Signaling Cascades
AbstractBuyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for recovering neurological dysfunctions and treating post-stroke disability in China for 200  years. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BHD on inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurite formation and enhancing learning and memory functional recovery in an experimental rat ischemic stroke model. BHD si gnificantly reduced infarct volume and decreased cell apoptosis in the ischemic brain. BHD enhanced neuronal cell viability in v...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - September 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Inhibiting ER Stress Weakens Neuronal Pyroptosis in a Mouse Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Model
In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress in evoking neuronal pyroptosis and related mechanisms in a mouse ICH model. We used tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to inhibit ER stress and observed that TUDCA reduces neuronal pyroptosis and has a neuroprotective role. We explored the potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal pyroptosis by ER stress through testing the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13). We found that ER stress inhibition alleviates neuronal pyroptosis through decreasing the expression of IL-13 after ICH. In summary, this study revealed that IL-13 is involved in ER stress –induce...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - October 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PCK) in the Brain Gluconeogenic Pathway Contributes to Oxidative and Lactic Injury After Stroke
AbstractTo demonstrate the role of the rate-limiting and ATP-dependent gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) in oxidative and lactic stress and the effect of phenothiazine on PCK after stroke, a total of 168 adult male Sprague Dawley rats (3  months old, 280–300 g) underwent 2-h intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion for 6, 24, 48 h, or 7 days. Phenothiazine (chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P)) (8 mg/kg) and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA, a PCK inhibitor, 100 μM) were administered at reperfusi on onset. The effects of phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-MPA, or PCK knoc...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Protective Role of Low Ethanol Administration Following Ischemic Stroke via Recovery of KCC2 and p75 NTR Expression
AbstractA striking result from epidemiological studies show a correlation between low alcohol intake and lower incidence for ischemic stroke and severity of derived brain injury. Although reduced apoptosis and inflammation has been suggested to be involved, little is known about the mechanism mediating this effect in vivo. Increase in intracellular chloride concentration and derived depolarizing GABAAR-mediated transmission are common consequences following various brain injuries and are caused by the abnormal expression levels of the chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2. Downstream pro-apoptotic signaling through p75NTR...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research