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Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Total 466 results found since Jan 2013.

Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
CONCLUSIONS: Very low-certainty evidence suggested that it is unclear whether gluten intake is associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings also indicate that low-certainty evidence may show little or no association between gluten intake and cardiovascular mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Low-certainty evidence suggested that a lower compared with a higher gluten intake may be associated with a slightly increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes - a major cardiovascular risk factor. For other cardiovascular risk factors it is unclear whether there is a difference between a gluten-free and normal diet. Giv...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 24, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Christine Schmucker Angelika Eisele-Metzger Joerg J Meerpohl Cornelius Lehane Daniela Kuellenberg de Gaudry Szimonetta Lohner Lukas Schwingshackl Source Type: research

Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke
CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of AEDs on the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke. Further well-conducted studies are warranted for this important clinical problem.PMID:35129214 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005398.pub4
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 7, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Richard S Chang William Cy Leung Michael Vassallo Lucy Sykes Emma Battersby Wood Joseph Kwan Source Type: research

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke
CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 160 mg to 300 mg daily, given orally (or by nasogastric tube or per rectum in people who cannot swallow) and started within 48 hours of onset of presumed ischaemic stroke, significantly decreased death and dependency, and reduced the risk of early recurrent ischaemic stroke without a major risk of early haemorrhagic complications; long-term outcomes were improved.PMID:35028933 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD000029.pub4
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 14, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jatinder S Minhas Tamara Chithiramohan Xia Wang Sam C Barnes Rebecca H Clough Meeriam Kadicheeni Lucy C Beishon Thompson Robinson Source Type: research

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: An increase in calcium intake slightly reduces both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normotensive people, particularly in young people, suggesting a role in the prevention of hypertension. The effect across multiple prespecified subgroups and a possible dose response effect reinforce this conclusion. Even small reductions in blood pressure could have important health implications for reducing vascular disease. A 2 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure is predicted to produce about 10% lower stroke mortality and about 7% lower mortality from ischaemic heart disease. There is a great need for adequately-pow...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 11, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gabriela Cormick Agust ín Ciapponi Mar ía Luisa Cafferata Mar ía Sol Cormick Jos é M Belizán Source Type: research

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension
CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of hypertension, there is moderate certainty evidence that diuretics reduce major cardiovascular events and congestive heart failure more than CCBs. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs probably reduce major cardiovascular events more than beta-blockers. There is low to moderate certainty evidence that CCBs reduced stroke when compared to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and reduced myocardial infarction when compared to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), but increased congestive heart failure when compared to ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Many of the differences ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 9, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jiaying Zhu Ning Chen Muke Zhou Jian Guo Cairong Zhu Jie Zhou Mengmeng Ma Li He Source Type: research

Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion
CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion at a restrictive haemoglobin concentration decreased the proportion of people exposed to RBC transfusion by 41% across a broad range of clinical contexts. Across all trials, no evidence suggests that a restrictive transfusion strategy impacted 30-day mortality, mortality at other time points, or morbidity (i.e. cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, thromboembolism, infection) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy. Despite including 17 more randomised trials (and 8846 participants), data remain insufficient to inform the safety of transfusion policies in important and sele...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 21, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jeffrey L Carson Simon J Stanworth Jane A Dennis Marialena Trivella Nareg Roubinian Dean A Fergusson Darrell Triulzi Carolyn Dor ée Paul C H ébert Source Type: research

Endovascular versus open surgical repair for complicated chronic Type B aortic dissection
CONCLUSIONS: Due to lack of RCTs or CCTs investigating the effectiveness and safety of TEVAR compared to OSR for patients with complicated CBAD, we are unable to provide any evidence to inform decision-making on the optimal intervention for these patients. High-quality RCTs or CCTs addressing this objective are necessary. However, conducting such studies will be challenging for this life-threatening disease.PMID:34905228 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012992.pub2
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 14, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Fionnuala Jordan Brian FitzGibbon Edel P Kavanagh Peter McHugh Dave Veerasingam Sherif Sultan Niamh Hynes Source Type: research

Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake-up stroke
CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients with acute ischaemic wake-up stroke, both intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy of large vessel occlusion improved functional outcome without increasing the risk of death. However, a possible increased risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage associated with thrombolytic treatment cannot be ruled out. The criteria used for selecting patients to treatment differed between the trials. All studies were relatively small, and six of the seven studies were terminated early. More studies are warranted in order to determine the optimal criteria for selecting patients...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 1, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Melinda B Roaldsen Haakon Lindekleiv Ellisiv B Mathiesen Source Type: research