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Association of SGLT2 Inhibitors With Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have well-documented effects on reducing hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, although the effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and AF risk by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two investigators independently identified randomized controlled trials, which compared SGLT2 inhibitors with control in patients with type 2 diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. Prima...
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology - February 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Spotlight on Antidiabetic Agents with Cardiovascular or Renoprotective Benefits.
Authors: Madievsky R Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus often goes hand in hand with cardiovascular and renal comorbidities. Stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease are high-risk complications of type 2 diabetes that contribute to morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical trials have uncovered evidence that certain antidiabetic agents may confer cardiovascular and/or renal benefits such as reduced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and reduced need for renal replacement therapy. Two landmark trials in particular, EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortal...
Source: The Permanente journal - September 21, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: Perm J Source Type: research

Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Abstract Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chroni...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - June 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

The kidney and cardiovascular outcome trials
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a substantial minority of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Analysis of US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets from 2007 through 2012 showed Stage 3 or worse disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) in nearly one in five patients, with increasing age, blood pressure, obesity, and levels of glycemia all associated with higher likelihood of Stage 3 or worse CKD, comparable to findings from surveys from many other areas, which also show micro‐ or macroalbuminuria to be present in one‐sixth to one‐third of diab...
Source: Journal of Diabetes - January 19, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zachary Bloomgarden Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular benefits: transforming clinical care in Type2 diabetes mellitus
Persons with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk than persons without diabetes of developing atherosclerotic vascular diseases and events including myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as complications such as chronic kidney disease [1,2]. Optimal management of their diabetes and its comorbidities is required to address the increased risk of cardiovascular and related diseases [3]. Certain sodium –glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in high cardiovascular-risk individuals with T2DM, with empagliflozin being the first to demonstrate a r...
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - November 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Michael d'Emden, John Amerena, Gary Deed, Carol Pollock, Mark E. Cooper Tags: Review Source Type: research

SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular benefits: Transforming clinical care in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk than persons without diabetes of developing atherosclerotic vascular diseases and events including myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as complications such as chronic kidney disease [1,2]. Optimal management of their diabetes and its comorbidities is required to address the increased risk of cardiovascular and related diseases [3]. Certain sodium –glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes in high cardiovascular-risk individuals with T2DM, with empagliflozin being the first to demonstrate a ...
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - November 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Michael d'Emden, John Amerena, Gary Deed, Carol Pollock, Mark E. Cooper Tags: Review Source Type: research

Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the LEADER Trial
ASN 2016 High Impact Clinical Trial Johannes F. Mann, Kristine Brown Fandsen, Gilbert Daniels, Peter Kristensen, Michael Nauck, Steve Nissen, Stuart Pocock, Neil Poulter, Soren Rasmussen, William Steinberg, Mette Stockner, Bernard Zinman, Florian Baeres, Richard Bergenstal, Steve Marso, John Buse. Erlangen, Germany. Liraglutide, as compared to placebo, was studied in a RCT of 9340 high-risk type 2 diabetic patients to examine the impact on the primary composite outcome of nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death.  The secondary renal endpoint (composite of doubling serum creatinine, ESRD, death due to renal ...
Source: Nephrology Now - November 19, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nephrology Now editors Tags: Clinical Trial Results Conference Alert Source Type: research

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes: Cardiovascular and Kidney Effects, Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
Abstract Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin, are now widely approved anti-hyperglycemic therapies. Due to their unique glycosuric mechanism, SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce weight. Perhaps more importantly are osmotic diuretic and natriuretic effects contributing to plasma volume contraction, and decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by 4-6/1-2 mmHg, respectively, which may underlie cardiovascular and kidney benefits. SGLT2 inhibition is also associated with an acute, dose-dependent reduction in eGFR by ~5 ml/min/1.73m(2) and...
Source: Circulation - July 27, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Heerspink HJ, Perkins BA, Fitchett DH, Husain M, Cherney DZ Tags: Circulation Source Type: research