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Pharmacologic Approaches to Weight Management: Recent Gains and Shortfalls in Combating Obesity
This article reviews recent literature in the field of Obesity Medicine and highlights important findings from clinical trials. Future directions in the pharmacologic management of obesity are presented along with new diabetes medications that promote weight loss and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Source: Current Atherosclerosis Reports - May 14, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Evolution of Pharmacological Obesity Treatments: Focus on Adverse Side‐Effect Profiles
ABSTRACT Pharmacotherapy directed toward reducing body weight may provide benefits for both curbing obesity and lowering the risk of obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. However, many weight loss medications have been withdrawn from the market due to serious adverse effects. Examples include pulmonary hypertension (aminorex), cardiovascular toxicity, e.g. flenfluramine‐induced valvopathy, stroke (phenylpropanolamine), excess non‐fatal cardiovascular events (sibutramine), and neuro‐psychiatric issues (rimonabant ‐ approved in Europe, but not in the US). This negative experience has helped mold the current drug dev...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 1, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Andrew J. Krentz, Ken Fujioka, Marcus Hompesch Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Cardiovascular safety of albiglutide in the Harmony programme: a meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2015 Source:The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Author(s): Miles Fisher, Mark C Petrie, Philip D Ambery, Jill Donaldson, John J V McMurray, June Ye Background Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a new class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes. We did a prospective meta-analysis of the cardiovascular safety of albiglutide as stipulated by the US Food and Drug Administration recommendations for the assessment of new treatments for diabetes. Methods We did a meta-analysis of eight phase 3 trials and one phase 2b trial in which patients wer...
Source: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology - August 12, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Glucagon-like receptor 1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors: potential therapies for the treatment of stroke
mp; Cesare Patrone
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism - April 30, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Vladimer DarsaliaMartin LarssonDavid NathansonThomas KleinThomas NyströmCesare Patrone Tags: diabetes DPP-4 inhibitors exendin-4 GLP-1 liraglutide neuroprotection stroke Source Type: research

Design of the liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial
Conclusions LEADER commenced in September 2010, and enrollment concluded in April 2012. There were 9,340 patients enrolled at 410 sites in 32 countries. The mean age of patients was 64.3 ± 7.2 years, 64.3% were men, and mean body mass index was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2. There were 7,592 (81.3%) patients with prior CVD and 1,748 (18.7%) who were high risk but without prior CVD. It is expected that LEADER will provide conclusive data regarding the cardiovascular safety of liraglutide relative to the current standard of usual care for a global population of patients with T2DM.
Source: American Heart Journal - October 20, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The extra‐pancreatic effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists: a focus on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems
Abstract The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) exenatide and liraglutide have been shown to improve glycaemic control and beta‐cell function with a low risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. GLP‐1 receptors are also expressed in extra‐pancreatic tissues and trial data suggest GLP‐1RAs also have effects beyond their glycaemic actions. Preclinical studies using native GLP‐1 or GLP‐1RAs provide substantial evidence for cardioprotective effects, while clinical trial data have demonstrated beneficial actions on hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. Sig...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - December 24, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J Seufert, B Gallwitz Tags: Unsolicited Review Article Source Type: research

Design of the liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results (LEADER) trial
Conclusions: LEADER commenced in September 2010, and enrollment concluded in April 2012. There were 9,340 patients enrolled at 410 sites in 32 countries. The mean age of patients was 64.3 ± 7.2 years, 64.3% were men, and mean body mass index was 32.5 ± 6.3 kg/m2. There were 7,592 (81.3%) patients with prior CVD and 1,748 (18.7%) who were high risk but without prior CVD. It is expected that LEADER will provide conclusive data regarding the cardiovascular safety of liraglutide relative to the current standard of usual care for a global population of patients with T2DM.
Source: American Heart Journal - October 4, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steven P. Marso, Neil R. Poulter, Steven E. Nissen, Michael A. Nauck, Bernard Zinman, Gilbert H. Daniels, Stuart Pocock, William M. Steinberg, Richard M. Bergenstal, Johannes F.E. Mann, Lasse Steen Ravn, Kirstine Brown Frandsen, Alan C. Moses, John B. Bus Tags: Trial Design Source Type: research

Diabetes drugs may be linked to pancreatic cancer
Conclusion This article presents important concerns that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could potentially increase the risk of inflammation and cancerous changes in the pancreas. The agencies that regulate medicines in Europe and the USA are aware of these issues, and told the BMJ that their analyses show increased reporting of pancreatic cancer among people taking these types of drugs. However, the agencies note that it has not been established whether these drugs directly cause the adverse effects seen in the pancreas. Both agencies are reviewing emerging eviden...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 10, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Diabetes QA articles Source Type: news

Treatment of Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders Using GLP-1, Exendin-4 and Analogs
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and related peptides, including exendin-4 and liraglutide, are incretin mimetics that enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion following food ingestion as a regulator of glucose homeostasis. Exendin-4 and liraglutide are used clinically in the safe and effective treatment of type 2 diabetes to enhance insulin secretion and maintain a euglycemic state. These actions are primarily mediated at the level of the GLP-1 receptor in the pancreas; however, these compounds are known to enter the brain where the GLP-1 receptor also is expressed. Researchers at the NIH have discovered the novel use o...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - April 18, 2012 Category: Research Authors: admin Source Type: research