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Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Conclusion Due to its long-term and often invisible course, CCCI has received less attention than acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, without appropriate intervention, CCCI may lead to a variety of adverse events. Because the pathophysiological changes associated with CCCI are complex, pharmacological research in this area has been disappointing. Recent research suggests that RLIC, which is less invasive and more well-tolerated than drug treatment, can activate endogenous protective mechanisms during CCCI. In the present report, we reviewed studies related to CCCI (Table 1), as well as those related to stroke and sta...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of human spinal cord injury severity and outcome
Conclusions Serum NfL concentrations in SCI patients show a close correlation with acute severity and neurological outcome. Our data provide evidence that serum NfL is of prognostic value in SCI patients for the first time. Further, blood NfL levels may qualify as drug response markers in SCI.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - February 12, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kuhle, J., Gaiottino, J., Leppert, D., Petzold, A., Bestwick, J. P., Malaspina, A., Lu, C.-H., Dobson, R., Disanto, G., Norgren, N., Nissim, A., Kappos, L., Hurlbert, J., Yong, V. W., Giovannoni, G., Casha, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Neurological injury, Spinal cord, Stroke, Trauma CNS / PNS, Trauma, Injury Spinal cord injury Source Type: research

Targeting Microglial Activation in Stroke Therapy: Pharmacological Tools and Gender Effects.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is caused by critical reductions in blood flow to a part of brain or spinal cord. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, and they respond to stroke by assuming an activated phenotype that releases cytotoxic cytokines, reactive oxygen species, proteases, and other factors. This acute, innate immune response may be teleologically adapted to limit infection, but in stroke this response can exacerbate injury by further damaging or killing nearby neurons and other cell types and by recruiting infiltration of circulating cytotoxic immune cells. The microglial resp...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - December 28, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Chen Y, Won SJ, Xu Y, Swanson RA Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Preservation of Motor Function After Spinal Cord Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Through Microglial Inhibition ORIGINAL ARTICLES: ADULT CARDIAC
Conclusions Minocycline limits microglial activation, paralleling functional preservation after aortic cross-clamping. These data suggest functional microglia contribute to reperfusion injury after spinal cord ischemia. The effects of minocycline demonstrate a potential pharmacological therapy as well as demonstrating a potential cellular target in preventing paraplegia after aortic intervention.
Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery - April 30, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Smith, P. D., Bell, M. T., Puskas, F., Meng, X., Cleveland, J. C., Weyant, M. J., Fullerton, D. A., Reece, T. B. Tags: Cerebral protection ORIGINAL ARTICLES: ADULT CARDIAC Source Type: research