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Sociodemographic and Geographic Variation in Awareness of Stroke Signs and Symptoms Among Adults - United States, 2017.
Abstract Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States (1). In 2017, on average, a stroke-related death occurred every 3 minutes and 35 seconds in the United States, and stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability (1). To prevent mortality or long-term disability, strokes require rapid recognition and early medical intervention (2,3). Common stroke signs and symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side; sudden confusion or trouble speaking; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance; and a...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 6, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jackson SL, Legvold B, Vahratian A, Blackwell DL, Fang J, Gillespie C, Hayes D, Loustalot F Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Stroke Mortality Among Black and White Adults Aged ≥35 Years Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, 2015-2021
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Apr 21;72(16):431-436. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7216a4.ABSTRACTStroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of long-term disability in the United States (1). Although stroke death rates have declined since the 1950s, age-adjusted rates remained higher among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) adults than among non-Hispanic White (White) adults (1,2). Despite intervention efforts to reduce racial disparities in stroke prevention and treatment through reducing stroke risk factors, increasing awareness of stroke symptoms, and improving access to treatment and care for s...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - April 21, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Quanhe Yang Xin Tong Linda Schieb F átima Coronado Robert Merritt Source Type: research

Vital Signs: Recent Trends in Stroke Death Rates - United States, 2000-2015.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Prior declines in stroke death rates have not continued in recent years, and substantial variations exist in timing and magnitude of change by demographic and geographic characteristics. These findings suggest the importance of strategically identifying opportunities for prevention and intervening in vulnerable populations, especially because effective and underused interventions to prevent stroke incidence and death are known to exist. PMID: 28880858 [PubMed - in process]
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 8, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yang Q, Tong X, Schieb L, Vaughan A, Gillespie C, Wiltz JL, King SC, Odom E, Merritt R, Hong Y, George MG Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Use of Outpatient Rehabilitation Among Adult Stroke Survivors - 20 States and the District of Columbia, 2013, and Four States, 2015.
Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in the United States (1,2). Approximately 800,000 American adults experience a stroke each year (2,3). Currently, approximately 6 million stroke survivors live in the United States (2). Participation in stroke rehabilitation (rehab), which occurs in diverse settings (i.e., in-hospital, postacute care, and outpatient settings), has been determined to reduce stroke recurrence and improve functional outcomes and quality of life (3,4). Despite longstanding national guidelines recommending stroke rehab, it remains underutilized, especially in the outpatient...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - May 25, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ayala C, Fang J, Luncheon C, King SC, Chang T, Ritchey M, Loustalot F Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Incidence and Current Treatment Gaps in Pediatric Stroke and TIA: An Ontario-Wide Population-Based Study
Conclusion: Our population-based study yielded a higher incidence rate than prior North-American studies. Important care gaps exist including delayed diagnosis, lack of expert care, and departure from published treatment guidelines. Variability in ICD PPV and yield underlines the need for prospective data collection and for improving the pediatric stroke and TIA coding processes.Neuroepidemiology 2019;52:119 –127
Source: Neuroepidemiology - January 18, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Risk of Ischemic Stroke after an Inpatient Hospitalization for Transient Ischemic Attack in the United States
Conclusions: Patients hospitalized for TIA have a lower risk of ischemic stroke compared to that reported in the studies based on the emergency room and/or outpatient clinic evaluation. Among these patients, those with cardiovascular comorbidities remain at a higher risk of readmission due to ischemic stroke despite undergoing an inpatient evaluation and should therefore be the target for future preventive strategies.Neuroepidemiology
Source: Neuroepidemiology - December 1, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

HIV Viremia and Risk of Stroke Among People Living with HIV Who Are Using Antiretroviral Therapy
Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated HIV VL may increase stroke risk, regardless of previous VL levels.
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Pharmacoepidemiology Source Type: research

Vital signs: avoidable deaths from heart disease, stroke, and hypertensive disease - United States, 2001-2010.
Conclusions: Nearly one fourth of all cardiovascular disease deaths are avoidable. These deaths disproportionately occurred among non-Hispanic blacks and residents of the South. Persons aged <65 years had lower rates than those aged 65-74 years but still accounted for a considerable share of avoidable deaths and demonstrated less improvement. Implications for Public Health Practice: National, state, and local initiatives aimed at improving health-care systems and supporting healthy behaviors are essential to reducing avoidable heart disease, stroke, and hypertensive disease deaths. Strategies include promoting the ABCS ...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - September 6, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Pediatric Acute Ischemic Stroke by Age-Group: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and Hospitalization Records
Conclusions: Incidence rates of pediatric AIS by age-groups followed a consistent overall pattern of a reverse J-shaped curve, with the highest rates in neonates, across predominantly European and North American countries. Further research is warranted to examine if this pattern is observed in other geographic regions and to identify AIS risk factors specific to different phases of childhood development.Neuroepidemiology
Source: Neuroepidemiology - August 17, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Distance from Home to Research Center: A Barrier to In-Person Visits but Not Treatment Adherence in a Stroke Trial
Conclusions: Distance between patient and study center was an independent predictor of missed in-person visits but not with adherence to study treatment or preventive care.Neuroepidemiology 2018;50:137 –143
Source: Neuroepidemiology - March 23, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

An Investigation of Selection Bias in Estimating Racial Disparity in Stroke Risk FactorsThe REGARDS Study
AbstractSelection due to survival or attrition might bias estimates of racial disparities in health, but few studies quantify the likely magnitude of such bias. In a large national cohort with moderate loss to follow-up, we contrasted racial differences in 2 stroke risk factors, incident hypertension and incident left ventricular hypertrophy, estimated by complete-case analyses, inverse probability of attrition weighting, and the survivor average causal effect. We used data on 12,497 black and 17,660 white participants enrolled in the United States (2003 –2007) and collected incident risk factor data approximately 10 yea...
Source: American Journal of Epidemiology - August 23, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Potentially Excess Deaths from the Five Leading Causes of Death in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties - United States, 2010-2017.
This report enhances the geographic detail by using the six levels of the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) urban-rural classification scheme for counties and extending estimates of potentially excess deaths by annual percent change (APC) and for additional years (2010-2017). Trends were tested both with linear and quadratic terms. PERIOD COVERED: 2010-2017. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: Mortality data for U.S. residents from the National Vital Statistics System were used to calculate potentially excess deaths from the five leading causes of death among persons aged <80 years. CDC's NCHS urban-rural c...
Source: MMWR Surveill Summ - November 7, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Garcia MC, Rossen LM, Bastian B, Faul M, Dowling NF, Thomas CC, Schieb L, Hong Y, Yoon PW, Iademarco MF Tags: MMWR Surveill Summ Source Type: research

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