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Will unpredictable side effects dim the promise of new Alzheimer ’s drugs?
A sea change is underway in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, where for the first time a drug that targets the disease’s pathology and clearly slows cognitive decline has hit the U.S. market. A related therapy will likely be approved in the coming months. As many neurologists, patients, and brain scientists celebrate, they’re also nervously eyeing complications from treatment: brain swelling and bleeding, which in clinical trials affected up to about one-third of patients and ranged from asymptomatic to fatal. The side effect—amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, or ARIA—remains mysterious. “We don’...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - August 2, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Iron Metabolism and Brain Development in Premature Infants
Yafeng Wang1,2,3, Yanan Wu2, Tao Li1,2,3, Xiaoyang Wang2,4 and Changlian Zhu2,3* 1Department of Neonatology (NICU), Children’s Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China 3Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 4Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Got...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Early Prophylactic Hypothermia for Patients With Severe Traumatic Injury: Premature to Close the Case
This study demonstrates that there is no role for the initiation of hypothermia during the acute phase of TBI (1, 2). However, it would be damaging to abandon the concept prematurely. Inflammation Also Paves the Way to Tissue Repair As soon as trauma occurs, the inflammatory cascade begins to take place. The deleterious role of inflammation in the secondary injury response is well-documented, hence the rationale to attempt early prophylactic hypothermia in TBI. However, inflammation also initiates tissue repair and regeneration (3–6). We now know that the secondary injury response accompanies the regenerating and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research