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Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > , BC, NO < sub > 2 < /sub > , and O < sub > 3 < /sub > : An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was positively associated with natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the pooled cohort and the administrative cohorts. Associations were found well below current limit values and guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. Associations tended to be supralinear, with steeper slopes at low exposures with no indication of a threshold. Two-pollutant models documented the importance of characterizing the ambient mixture with both NO2 and PM2.5. We mostly found negative associations with O3. In two-pollutant models with NO2, the negative associations with O3 were attenuated to esse...
Source: Cancer Control - September 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brunekreef Bert Strak Maciej Chen Jie J Andersen Zorana Atkinson Richard Bauwelinck Mariska Bellander Tom Boutron Marie-Christine Brandt J ørgen Carey Iain Cesaroni Giulia Forastiere Francesco Fecht Daniela Gulliver John Hertel Ole Hoffmann Barbara de Ho Source Type: research

The Truth About Fasting and Type 2 Diabetes
Most fad diets don’t live up to the hype, let alone serious scientific scrutiny. But intermittent fasting seems to be an exception. These plans involve going without caloric foods or drinks for an extended period of time—anywhere from 16 hours to several days—and they have become increasingly popular. Research has also found them to be effective for weight loss. Doctors often advise people with Type 2 diabetes to lose weight, which can have beneficial effects on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity, as well as on the progression of the disease. For this and other reasons, experts are actively looking at ...
Source: TIME: Health - June 16, 2022 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Markham Heid Tags: Uncategorized Diet & Nutrition freelance healthscienceclimate Source Type: news

Association between aluminum in drinking water and incident Alzheimer's disease in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging cohort.
Abstract Epidemiological evidence linking aluminum in drinking water and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been inconsistent, with previous studies often limited by small sample sizes. The present study addresses this issue using data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA), a prospective cohort of 10,263 subjects followed-up from 1991-1992 through 2001-2002. Participants' residential histories were linked to municipal drinking water sources in 35 Canadian municipalities to obtain ecologic pH, aluminum, fluoride, iron and silica concentrations in drinking water. Cox proportional hazards models were used to e...
Source: Neurotoxicology - April 28, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Van Dyke N, Yenugadhati N, Birkett NJ, Lindsay J, Turner MC, Willhite CC, Krewski D Tags: Neurotoxicology Source Type: research

Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin and iron therapy to reduce red blood cell transfusion in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionAdministration of ESA and iron therapy reduced the risk for RBC transfusion compared with iron therapy alone in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, publication bias and heterogeneity reduces the confidence of the finding. Although the analysis was probably under-powered for some outcomes, no difference in the incidence of serious adverse events was observed with ESA and iron compared with iron alone. Further large prospective trials are required to confirm these findings.
Source: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia - May 8, 2019 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Associations of Anemia With Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Anemia on admission was associated with higher mortality and an increased risk of poor outcome in patients with ICH. However, the results were limited by the high heterogeneity of included studies. Prospective, multi-center or population-based, large sample cohort studies are needed in the future. Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke and a highly lethal disease (1), which still lacks effective therapeutic interventions (2, 3). Although age, baseline ICH volume and neurological status on admission are well-known predictors of outcome of ICH (4), none of t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin and iron therapy to reduce red blood cell transfusion in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: Administration of ESA and iron therapy reduced the risk for RBC transfusion compared with iron therapy alone in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, publication bias and heterogeneity reduces the confidence of the finding. Although the analysis was probably under-powered for some outcomes, no difference in the incidence of serious adverse events was observed with ESA and iron compared with iron alone. Further large prospective trials are required to confirm these findings. PMID: 30924000 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia - March 27, 2019 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Kei T, Mistry N, Curley G, Pavenski K, Shehata N, Tanzini RM, Gauthier MF, Thorpe K, Schweizer TA, Ward S, Mazer CD, Hare GMT Tags: Can J Anaesth Source Type: research

Deferoxamine mesylate in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (i-DEF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2 trial
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2019Source: The Lancet NeurologyAuthor(s): Magdy Selim, Lydia D Foster, Claudia S Moy, Guohua Xi, Michael D Hill, Lewis B Morgenstern, Steven M Greenberg, Michael L James, Vineeta Singh, Wayne M Clark, Casey Norton, Yuko Y Palesch, Sharon D Yeatts, Monica Dolan, Erlinda Yeh, Kevin Sheth, Kimberly Kunze, Susanne Muehlschlegel, Iryna Nieto, Jan ClaassenSummaryBackgroundIron from haemolysed blood is implicated in secondary injury after intracerebral haemorrhage. We aimed to assess the safety of the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage and to...
Source: The Lancet Neurology - March 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Associations between Ambient Fine Particulate Oxidative Potential and Cardiorespiratory Emergency Department Visits
Conclusions: Lag 0–2 OPDTT was associated with ED visits for multiple cardiorespiratory outcomes, providing support for the utility of OPDTT as a measure of fine particle toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1545 Received: 23 December 2016 Revised: 4 August 2017 Accepted: 12 August 2017 Published: 26 October 2017 Please address correspondence to J.Y. Abrams, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCEZID/DHCPP, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, CDC Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Telephone: (404) 639-5121. Email: jabrams@cdc.gov Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1545). The authors ...
Source: EHP Research - October 26, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research