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Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
We describe one such approach, albumin binding, and explain how it was applied in the development of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide once daily and, subsequently, semaglutide once weekly. The pharmacology of these two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, in terms of improving glycemic control, reducing body weight and decreasing cardiovascular (CV) risk, is also reviewed, together with some novel biology. In addition, we describe the importance of accurate target (GLP-1 receptor) tissue expression analysis. Now an established class of agents, GLP-1-based therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of T2D. All curr...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Characterizing the Penumbras of White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Associations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Conclusion In this study, reduced CBF and FA and increased MD in the inner NAWM layers for both PVWMH and DWMH suggested extensive WM alterations beyond the visible WM lesions commonly observed on clinical MRI of svMCI subjects. CBF penumbras cover more extensive WM at risk than DTI penumbras, suggesting the likelihood that compromised CBF precedes white matter integrity changes, and CBF penumbras may be a potential target for the prevention of further microstructural white matter damage. The imaging parameters investigated, however, did not correlate to cognition. Author Contributions YZ, QX, and XG conceived and desig...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Even 1 Alcoholic Drink A Day Can Raise Stroke Risk, Study Says
This study uses a novel genetic approach to try to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on risk of cardiovascular disease,” said Tim Chico, professor of cardiovascular medicine at the University of Sheffield. “Although it has previously been suggested moderate alcohol intake may reduce risk of stroke or heart disease, this new study adds to recent evidence that finds no protective effect even at low levels of intake,” he added. “Sadly the hope that alcohol somehow protects against cardiovascular disease is probably unfounded.” David Spiegelhalter, a professor for the public understandin...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - April 5, 2019 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Health – CBS Boston Tags: Health News Alcohol CNN Source Type: news

‘ Meat Taxes ’ Would Save Lives And Cut Health Care Costs, Study Says
(CNN) — It would drive up the price of your barbecue but a global “meat tax” could save 220,000 lives and cut health care bills by $41 billion each year, according to a new study. The numbers are based on evidence that links meat consumption to increased risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Three years ago, the World Health Organization declared red meat such as beef, lamb and pork to be carcinogenic when eaten in processed forms, including sausages, bacon and beef jerky. Health officials have also declared that unprocessed red meat like steak and burgers are “probably” carcinog...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - November 7, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Health – CBS Boston Tags: Health Offbeat Local TV Meat Source Type: news

Risk of aspirin-related bleeding is higher in the over-75s
Conclusion This valuable cohort study helps to quantify the extent of bleeding risk in people taking aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin is well known to carry bleeding risk – particularly in older adults – but this study suggests the risk may be higher than previously thought. The researchers say that for adults under the age of 75, the annual bleeding risk at around 1% is similar to that suggested by previous trials, as is the ratio of bleeds to the number of cardiovascular events. However, this risk increases for older adults, especially for major bleeds of the stomach and upper diges...
Source: NHS News Feed - June 14, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Older people Source Type: news

Daily diet of fresh fruit linked to lower diabetes risk
Conclusion The study findings – that eating fresh fruit every day does not raise the risk of diabetes, and may reduce it – are reassuring and in line with dietary advice in the UK. It's also helpful to see evidence that people who already have diabetes are likely to benefit from fresh fruit as well, because there has not been much research into fruit-eating for people with diabetes. However, it's a step too far to say that fresh fruit prevents diabetes or diabetes complications. Fresh fruit is just one part of a healthy diet, and diet is just one of the things that may affect someone's risk of getting diabetes. This ty...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 12, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Diabetes Food/diet Source Type: news

'Want to live longer? Try racquet sports', recommends study
Conclusion The overall conclusion we can take from this study is that taking part in sport or fitness activities is linked to a lower chance of death in a given period. It's encouraging to see that a wide range of popular activities, including swimming, aerobics and cycling, are likely to be beneficial. But we should be wary about comparing the types of different sports against each other. They weren't directly compared in the study and there may be reasons why results for some activities, such as football and running, were found to be statistically non-significant (potentially down to chance). Statistician Professor David...
Source: NHS News Feed - November 30, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Lifestyle/exercise Older people Heart/lungs Source Type: news

UK heart disease and stroke death rates now lower than cancer
Conclusion This valuable research informs on the burden of cardiovascular disease and associated mortality across European countries. It demonstrates that CVD is still the most common cause of death across Europe, but rates have been falling over the past 10 years. This fall means that in several European countries, including the UK, cancer rates now overtake CVD death rates in men. Generally, CVD disability and burden of disease seems to be greater in Eastern European countries. The WHO mortality data and population data are quite up-to-date and should be reliable, though as the researchers say, there was a lack of high ...
Source: NHS News Feed - August 15, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Cancer Neurology Source Type: news

Fruit may be good for you, but don’t ditch the statins
Conclusion The study adds to evidence that fresh fruit is likely to be good for our cardiovascular health, although we can't be sure from this study that it definitely prevents deaths, heart attacks or strokes. Observational studies cannot prove that one factor causes another, even when they are as big as this study, because other unmeasured factors could be responsible for the results. In this case, a major potential confounder that the researchers failed to take into account was whether the participants were taking any medication – they only excluded people taking blood pressure tablets. The link with statins, made by ...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 7, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Food/diet Heart/lungs Source Type: news

Could eating spicy food help you live longer?
ConclusionThis large, well-designed observational study adds to the evidence that certain spices such as chilli pepper may have a beneficial effect on health. But this study does have limitations that need to be taken into account.The study found that people in China who ate a diet that included spicy food (mainly from chilli peppers) at least once a week were less likely to die during the study period than those who ate spicy food less often. These results applied to men and women, even after taking account of factors that affect the risk of death, such as age. The study is part of an ongoing investigation into the effect...
Source: NHS News Feed - August 5, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Food/diet Neurology Source Type: news

Secondhand smoke linked to dementia
Conclusion Secondhand or passive smoking is known to be detrimental to health and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, it is not yet certain whether it is linked to dementia. Though this large study finds a significant link between secondhand smoke exposure and severe dementia syndromes there are several important limitations to be aware of. Problems with measuring dementia diagnoses The method for diagnosis of dementia used by this study was unusual. Though the researchers assessed each individual using a mental state examination, they went on to diagnose them using a com...
Source: NHS News Feed - January 11, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology Source Type: news