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Combination of hand-crafted and unsupervised learned features for ischemic stroke lesion detection from Magnetic Resonance Images
Publication date: Available online 14 February 2019Source: Biocybernetics and Biomedical EngineeringAuthor(s): G.B. Praveen, Anita Agrawal, Ponraj Sundaram, Sanjay SardesaiAbstractDetection of ischemic stroke lesions plays a vital role in the assessment of stroke treatments such as thrombolytic therapy and embolectomy. Manual detection and quantification of stroke lesions is a time-consuming and cumbersome process. In this paper, we present a novel automatic method to detect acute ischemic stroke lesions from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) volumes using textural and unsupervised learned features. The proposed method profic...
Source: Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering - February 15, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Hyper-acute EEG alterations predict functional and morphological outcomes in thrombolysis-treated ischemic stroke: a wireless EEG study
AbstractOwing to the large inter-subject variability, early post-stroke prognosis is challenging, and objective biomarkers that can provide further prognostic information are still needed. The relation between quantitative EEG parameters in pre-thrombolysis hyper-acute phase and outcomes has still to be investigated. Hence, possible correlations between early EEG biomarkers, measured on bedside wireless EEG, and short-term/long-term functional and morphological outcomes were investigated in thrombolysis-treated strokes. EEG with a wireless device was performed in 20 patients with hyper-acute (<  4.5 h from onset) ant...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - December 4, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Microwave-Based Stroke Diagnosis Making Global Prehospital Thrombolytic Treatment Possible
Here, we present two different brain diagnostic devices based on microwave technology and the associated two first proof-of-principle measurements that show that the systems can differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke in acute stroke patients, as well as differentiate hemorrhagic patients from healthy volunteers. The system was based on microwave scattering measurements with an antenna system worn on the head. Measurement data were analyzed with a machine-learning algorithm that is based on training using data from patients with a known condition. Computer tomography images were used as reference. The detection meth...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - October 17, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Magnetic inductive phase shift: a new method to differentiate hemorrhagic stroke from ischemic stroke on rabbit
The major therapy for ischemic stroke is thrombolytic treatment, but severe consequences occur when this method is used to treat hemorrhagic stroke. Currently, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagin...
Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine - May 30, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Qingguang Yan, Gui Jin, Ke Ma, Mingxin Qin, Wei Zhuang and Jian Sun Source Type: research

Efficacy of Sonothrombolysis Using Microbubbles Produced by a Catheter-Based Microfluidic Device in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Limitations of existing thrombolytic therapies for acute ischemic stroke have motivated the development of catheter-based approaches that utilize no or low doses of thrombolytic drugs combined with a mechanical action to either dissolve or extract the thrombus. Sonothrombolysis accelerates thrombus dissolution via the application of ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agents and low doses of thrombolytics to mechanically disrupt the fibrin mesh. In this work, we studied the efficacy of catheter-directed sonothrombolysis in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Microbubbles of 10-20 µm diameter with ...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - January 28, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Dixon AJ, Li J, Rickel JR, Klibanov AL, Zuo Z, Hossack JA Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Effective management of patients with acute ischemic stroke based on lean production on thrombolytic flow optimization
In this study, we aimed to determine whether applying lean principles to flow optimization could hasten the initiation of thrombolysis. A multidisciplinary team (Stroke Team) was organized to implement an ongoing, continuous loop of lean production that contained the following steps: decomposition, recognition, intervention, reengineering and assessment. The door-to-needle time (DNT) and the percentage of patients with DNT ≤ 60 min before and after the adoption of lean principles were used to evaluate the efficiency of our flow optimization. Thirteen patients with AIS in the pre-lean period and 43 patients with AIS in...
Source: Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine - April 18, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Model development and comparison of low hemorrhage-risk endoluminal patch thrombolytic treatment for ischemic stroke
A thrombus blocking flow in a blood vessel deprives the brain cells of oxygen resulting in ischemic stroke and paralysis [1]. Thrombolysis treatment can be used to unblock the vessel [2]. A high dose of thrombolytic agents (urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) is administered to dissolve the blocking thrombus in eligible patients who are within 4.5  h from stroke onset [3,4]. Typically, 10,000–60,000 IU/kg (
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - August 31, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Zhen Qin, Francesco Ciucci, Chi Hang Chon, John C.K. Kwok, David C.C. Lam Source Type: research

A Computational Framework for Personalized Blood Flow Analysis in the Human Left Atrium.
In this study, our aim was to develop a clinically feasible methodology to perform personalized blood flow analysis within the heart. We propose an alternative computational approach to perform personalized blood flow analysis by providing the three-dimensional LA endocardial surface motion estimated from patient-specific cardiac CT images. In two patients (case 1 and 2), a four-dimensional displacement vector field was estimated using nonrigid registration. The LA blood outflow across the mitral valve (MV) was calculated from the LV volume, and the flow field within the LA was derived from the incompressible Navier-Stokes...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - March 11, 2016 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Otani T, Al-Issa A, Pourmorteza A, McVeigh ER, Wada S, Ashikaga H Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Mechanical behavior of rf-treated thrombus in mechanical thrombectomy
Stroke is the second leading cause of death with 6.7 million deaths per year [1]. Among all stroke cases, ischemic stroke accounts for 87% [2]. Ischemic stroke occurs when a thrombus or an embolus occludes a cerebral vessel, interrupting the blood flow.
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - July 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Chi Hang Chon, Zhen Qin, John CK Kwok, David CC Lam Source Type: research

Review of Mechanical Testing and Modelling of Thrombus Material for Vascular Implant and Device Design.
Abstract A thrombus or blood clot is a solid mass, made up of a network of fibrin, platelets and other blood components. Blood clots can form through various pathways, for example as a result of exposed tissue factor from vascular injury, as a result of low flow/stasis, or in very high shear flow conditions. Embolization of cardiac or vascular originating blood clots, causing an occlusion of the neurovasculature, is the major cause of stroke and accounts for 85% of all stroke. With mechanical thrombectomy emerging as the new standard of care in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the need to generate a b...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - August 28, 2017 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Johnson S, Duffy S, Gunning G, Gilvarry M, McGarry JP, McHugh PE Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Numerical Study of Atrial Fibrillation Effects on Flow Distribution in Aortic Circulation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, which undermines cardiac function. Atrial fibrillation is a multi-facet malady and it may occur as a result of other diseases or it may trigger other problems. One of the main complications of AF is stroke due to the possibility of clot formation inside the atrium. However, the possibility of stroke occurrence due to the AF and the location from which an embolus dispatches are subject of debate. Another hypothesis about the embolus formation during AF is thrombus formation in aorta and carotid arteries, embolus detachment and its movement. To...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - January 13, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Deyranlou A, Naish JH, Miller CA, Revell A, Keshmiri A Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

Microfluidic emulation of mechanical circulatory support device shear-mediated platelet activation.
Abstract Thrombosis of ventricular assist devices (VADs) compromises their performance, with associated risks of systemic embolization, stroke, pump stop and possible death. Anti-thrombotic (AT) drugs, utilized to limit thrombosis, are largely dosed empirically, with limited testing of their efficacy. Further, such testing, if performed, typically examines efficacy under static conditions, which is not reflective of actual shear-mediated flow. Here we adopted our previously developed Device Thrombogenicity Emulation methodology to design microfluidic platforms able to emulate representative shear stress profiles o...
Source: Biomedical Microdevices - November 21, 2015 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Dimasi A, Rasponi M, Sheriff J, Chiu WC, Bluestein D, Tran PL, Slepian MJ, Redaelli A Tags: Biomed Microdevices Source Type: research

An experimental and computational study of the inferior vena cava hemodynamics under respiratory-induced collapse of the infrarenal IVC
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease, after heart attack and stroke [1]. Usually associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism occurs when a venous thrombus embolizes and passes through the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the pulmonary arteries. Emboli occluding blood flow to one or both lungs can lead to impaired oxygenation, heart strain, and death [2].
Source: Medical Engineering and Physics - February 24, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Elisabetta Tedaldi, Chiara Montanari, Kenneth I. Aycock, Francesco Sturla, Alberto Redaelli, Keefe B. Manning Source Type: research

Investigating the Mechanical Behavior of Clot Analogues Through Experimental and Computational Analysis.
Abstract With mechanical thrombectomy emerging as the new standard of care for stroke treatment, clot analogues provide an extremely useful tool in the testing and design of these treatment devices. The aim of this study is to characterise the mechanical behavior of thrombus analogues as a function of composition. Platelet-contracted clot analogues were prepared from blood mixtures of various hematocrits. Mechanical testing was performed whereby clots were subjected to unconfined compression between two rigid plates. Two loading protocols were imposed: cyclic compression for 10 cycles at a constant strain-rate mag...
Source: Annals of Biomedical Engineering - July 19, 2020 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Johnson S, McCarthy R, Gilvarry M, McHugh PE, McGarry JP Tags: Ann Biomed Eng Source Type: research

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