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Serum uric acid and diabetes: from pathophysiology to cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Hyperuricemia, has been traditionally related to nephrolithiasis and gout. However, it has also been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiologically, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. In this narrative review, we consider the associations between hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Furthermore, we comment on the available evidence linking elevated SUA levels with the incidence and outcomes of coronary heart disease, stroke, per...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 4, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Dimitriadis GD, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Glucose-linked Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that SGLT inhibitors have a positive or negative effect on stroke risk, but the question that remains unanswered is whether SGLT inhibitors can yield a protective effect after acute ischemic stroke. Future observational studies and registries may be the first step to help answer this question. (Clin Ther. 2020; XX:XXX-XXX) © 2020 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. PMID: 33008610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - September 28, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Al Hamed FA, Elewa H Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Subtype-Dependent Reporting of Stroke With SGLT2 Inhibitors: Implications From a Japanese Pharmacovigilance Study.
Abstract Volume depletion as an adverse events (AE) caused by sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) because of their diuretic effect may raise the concern about the risk of lacunar stroke; however, an earlier meta-analysis reported no significant increase in the incidence of stroke without clearly distinguishing stroke subtypes. Here, aiming to investigate subtype-wise reporting of stroke potentially related to SGLT2i treatment, we conducted a disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, which contains approximately 500 000 cases recorded between April 2004 and M...
Source: The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology - December 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sato K, Mano T, Iwata A, Toda T Tags: J Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Canagliflozin Inhibits Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Tube Formation
In conclusion, the present study identified canagliflozin as a potent inhibitor of human EC proliferation. The anti-proliferative action of canagliflozin is observed in ECs isolated from both the venous and arterial circulation, and is partly due to the blockade of cyclin A expression. In addition, this study found that canagliflozin inhibits tube formation in cultured ECs and mouse aortic rings. Notably, these actions are specific for canagliflozin and not seen with other SGLT2 inhibitors. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects on EC function may contribute to both the adverse and salutary actions...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 15, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Hydrogen sulfide stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout mice
In conclusion, H2S exerts protective effects against atherogenesis at least partly by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque.Graphical abstract
Source: Pharmacological Research - April 6, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The role of calcium handling mechanisms in reperfusion injury.
Abstract Cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) remain the major cause of death and disability worldwide. However, the mortality of MI has declined dramatically over the past several decades because of advances in medicines (thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet drugs, beta blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) and approaches to restore tissue perfusion(percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiopulmonary bypass). Animals studies have been shown that these treatments have been effective in reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury and limiting MI size. The paradox is...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - November 20, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pittas K, Vrachatis DA, Angelidis C, Tsoucala S, Giannopoulos G, Defteros S Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research