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Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Conclusion and Future Perspectives Stem cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for stroke treatment. While stem cells from different sources, including induced PSC, ESC, MSC, and NSC, have been investigated, using NSC and enhancing the natural mechanisms is most appropriate for brain repair. In preclinical models of stroke, stem cell transplantation has led to positive outcomes through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms, many being mediated by the array of beneficial factors produced by the cells. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming have provided alternative sources of NSC to be investigated, allo...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pre-hospital Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients —Importance of Considering More Than Two Transport Options
Conclusion: Pre-hospital triage algorithms for AIS patients that only take into account the nearest CSC and the nearest PSC as transport destinations may be unable to identify the optimal transport destination for a significant proportion of patients. Introduction Background International guidelines recommend early administration of intravenous thrombolysis for eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS); in addition, patients with proximal large vessel occlusion (LVO) should receive mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as quickly as possible (1). As the clinical benefit of both thrombolysis (2–4) and MT (5&#...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Associations of Anemia With Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Anemia on admission was associated with higher mortality and an increased risk of poor outcome in patients with ICH. However, the results were limited by the high heterogeneity of included studies. Prospective, multi-center or population-based, large sample cohort studies are needed in the future. Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common cause of stroke and a highly lethal disease (1), which still lacks effective therapeutic interventions (2, 3). Although age, baseline ICH volume and neurological status on admission are well-known predictors of outcome of ICH (4), none of t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Frequency of Hemorrhage on Follow Up Imaging in Stroke Patients Treated With rt-PA Depending on Clinical Course
Conclusions: Frequency of hemorrhagic transformation in Routine follow-up brain imaging and consecutive changes in therapeutic management were different depending on clinical course measured by NHISS score. Introduction Brain imaging 24–36 h after systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is recommended in American Stroke Association and European Stroke Organization guidelines (1, 2). Brain imaging is performed to detect secondary bleeding or hemorrhagic transformation in order to adapt medical stroke prevention if necessary. Guideline recommendations are based on the results of the first study on rt-PA...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Is Associated With Circadian and Other Variability in Embolus Detection
Conclusions: Embolism associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis shows circadian variation with highest rates 4–6 h before midday. This corresponds with peak circadian incidence of stroke and other vascular complications. These and ASED Study results show that monitoring frequency, duration, and time of day are important in ES detection. Introduction Transcranial Doppler (TCD) detected microembolism in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) may help stratify the risk of stroke and other arterial disease complications in persons with advanced (≥60%) asymptomatic carotid stenosis. If so, this t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Platelet Count Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or TIA: Subgroup Analysis of CNSR II
Conclusion: In ischemic stroke or TIA patients with platelet count within normal range, platelet count may be a qualified predictor for long-term recurrent stroke, mortality, and poor functional outcome. Introduction Platelets exert a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, contributing to thrombus formation, and embolism (1, 2). Previous literature reported that platelets of various size and density are produced by megakaryocytes of different size and stages of maturation in different clinical conditions, suggesting various platelet patterns in differen...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research