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Can Patent Foramen Ovales Cause Problems?
Discussion During fetal development, the heart primum and secundum septa grow and overlap leaving a small but important channel between the two atria. The foramen ovale is a flap valve moving blood from the right atrium into the left atrium directly and bypassing the high pressure pulmonary system. After birth and breathing air, the neonate’s lungs open up and the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. The left atrium now has a relatively higher pressure than the right atria, and therefore pressure on the flap valve closes the foramen ovale. Usually within 6-12 months, the fusion of the primum and secundum of the f...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - July 24, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Patent foramen ovale-When to close and how?
Herz. 2021 Aug 31. doi: 10.1007/s00059-021-05061-y. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTClosure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients after cryptogenic/cardioembolic stroke is recommended by current guidelines for patients who are 16-60 years of age with a high-risk PFO (class of recommendation A, level of evidence I). The use of double-disk occlusion devices followed by antiplatelet therapy is recommended. The procedure of interventional PFO closure compared with other interventions in cardiology is rather easy to learn. However, it should be performed carefully to avoid postinterventional complications. The number needed...
Source: Herz - August 31, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Aurel Maloku Ali Hamadanchi Marcus Franz Gudrun Dannberg Albrecht G ünther Carsten Klingner P Christian Schulze Sven M öbius-Winkler Source Type: research

The Evolving Concept of Cryptogenic Stroke
This article discusses cryptogenic stroke and the results of recent randomized trials that can inform its evaluation and management. RECENT FINDINGS Most cryptogenic strokes appear embolic, leading to the term embolic stroke of undetermined source. It was previously thought that embolic stroke of undetermined source was a single, therapeutically relevant entity, the underlying sources of which would respond to anticoagulant therapy; however, two large randomized trials found no benefit with anticoagulation compared to antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention after embolic stroke of undetermined source. A sin...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
This article reviews current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors and causes, diagnostic considerations, management, and prognosis of ischemic stroke in young adults (those 55 years old and younger). RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been increasing since the 1980s, which has occurred in parallel with increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors and substance abuse among the younger population. Young adults have a considerably wider range of risk factors than older patients, including age-specific factors such as pregnancy/puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Behavioral risk fac...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Aura and Stroke: relationship and what we have learnt from preclinical models
ConclusionPreclinical models suggest a key role for enhanced SD susceptibility and microembolization to explain both the occurrence of migraine attacks and the increased stroke risk in migraineurs. Therapeutic targeting of SD and microembolic events, or potential causes thereof, will be promising for treatment of aura and may also prevent ischemic infarction in vulnerable brains.
Source: The Journal of Headache and Pain - May 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pulmonary embolism with migrating thrombus through patent foramen ovale: A case for a mixed pharmacological and percutaneous management
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018Source: Journal of Cardiology CasesAuthor(s): Gloria Santangelo, Alfonso Ielasi, Francesco Pattarino, Antonio Tommaso Saino, Pasquale Antonio Scopelliti, Maurizio TespiliAbstractA 61-year-old man, admitted to our hospital for bilateral pulmonary embolism, complicated by right renal ischemia and multiple splenic infarcts due to a mobile thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale, has been successfully treated with apixaban 5 mg twice daily followed by transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure.<Learning objective: Apixaban could be a therapeutic alternative to t...
Source: Journal of Cardiology Cases - October 4, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Paradoxical embolism caused by ovarian vein thrombosis extending to inferior vena cava in a female with uterine myoma
We report the case of a 42-year-old female who was hospitalized for stroke. Detailed investigations revealed the existence of a PFO, pulmonary embolism, and ovarian vein thrombosis extending to inferior vena cava. She had a uterine myoma to be operated on but no other thrombophilic disorders. Anticoagulation therapy with direct oral anticoagulant successfully reduced the thrombus and prevented the recurrence of paradoxical embolism.<Learning objective: Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is often associated with malignancy, pelvic surgery, or pregnancy. This case shows uterine myoma as a possible cause of OVT and demonstrate...
Source: Journal of Cardiology Cases - September 5, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Migraine Aura
This article discusses the basic mechanisms of migraine aura and its clinical significance based upon evidence from human studies and animal models. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective clinical studies have reinforced the understanding that migraine aura is highly variable from one individual to the next as well as from attack to attack in an individual. While migraine with aura clearly has a higher heritability than migraine without aura, population studies have not identified specific genes that underlie this heritability for typical migraine with aura. Imaging studies reveal hypoperfusion associated with migraine aura, altho...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Device used to close small hole in heart may protect against recurrent stroke
A device used to close a small hole in the heart may benefit certain stroke patients by providing an extra layer of protection for those facing years of ongoing stroke risk, according to the results of a large clinical trial led by UCLA researchers.“It is a major new treatment option for some people,” said Dr. Jeffrey Saver, director of theUCLA Comprehensive Stroke Center and lead author of the study. However, he added, “Using the device is going to have to be a considered clinical decision between the doctor and the patient about who’s the right person to get it.”Thefindings appear in the Sept. 14 New England Jo...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - September 14, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Neurologic Complications of Cardiac and Aortic Disease
This article discusses neurologic complications that can arise from cardiac and aortic disease and dysfunction. Recent Findings: Advances in the care of patients with cardiac or aortic disease include the use of prolonged cardiac monitoring in cryptogenic stroke and the approval of the use of left atrial appendage closure devices for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation who are not candidates for anticoagulation. Continuing controversy surrounds patent foramen ovale closure, and new evidence indicates that cognitive impairment following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery may be less common than prev...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Cardioembolic Stroke
This article summarizes the different causes of cardioembolism and outlines current management guidelines. Recent Findings: Since cardioembolic stroke is not a single disease entity, its diagnosis requires initial clinical suspicion and a comprehensive evaluation, including ECG, echocardiography, brain imaging, and cardiac monitoring. Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke, and anticoagulation is usually recommended. This article reviews risk stratification models to assist in the decision-making process and highlights the increased use of novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in at...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

MassDevice.com +5 | The top 5 medtech stories for May 26, 2016
Say hello to MassDevice +5, a bite-sized view of the top five medtech stories of the day. This feature of MassDevice.com’s coverage highlights our 5 biggest and most influential stories from the day’s news to make sure you’re up to date on the headlines that continue to shape the medical device industry. Get this in your inbox everyday by subscribing to our newsletters.   5. Ortho Kinematics wins Health Canada nod for VMA system Ortho Kinematics said today it won Health Canada authorization for its Vertebral Motion Analysis spinal imaging system. The VMA system from Austin, Texas-based Ortho Kinema...
Source: Mass Device - May 26, 2016 Category: Medical Equipment Authors: MassDevice Tags: Blog Plus 5 Source Type: news

Persistent (patent) foramen ovale (PFO): implications for safe diving.
Authors: Germonpré P Abstract Diving medicine is a peculiar specialty. There are physicians and scientists from a wide variety of disciplines with an interest in diving and who all practice 'diving medicine': the study of the complex whole-body physiological changes and interactions upon immersion and emersion. To understand these, the science of physics and molecular gas and fluid movements comes into play. The ultimate goal of practicing diving medicine is to preserve the diver's health, both during and after the dive. Good medicine starts with prevention. For most divers, underwater excursions are not a profess...
Source: Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine - December 11, 2015 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Diving Hyperb Med Source Type: research

Patent foramen ovale: the current state of play
Learning objectives Understand the anatomy and embryology of the interatrial septum and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Develop an overview of the many clinical associations of a PFO. Appraise the clinical evidence for and against closure of PFO. Introduction Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding, occurring in up to 25% of people.1 2 An association between PFO and stroke has consistently been seen in up to 50% of patients without an identifiable cause, that is, the so-called cryptogenic stroke (CS) and only in 20% with an identified cause.3 4 Many studies have been published testing the hypothesis that paradoxical emb...
Source: Heart - November 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Asrress, K. N., Marciniak, M., Marciniak, A., Rajani, R., Clapp, B. Tags: Education in Heart, Echocardiography, Clinical diagnostic tests Source Type: research